Assessing ecological effects of transgenic fish prior to entry into nature.

Devlin, Robert H.; Sundström, L. Fredrik; Johnsson, J. I.; Fleming, Ian A.; Hayes, Keith R.; Ojwang, William; Bambaradeniya, C. N. B.; Zakaraia-Ismail, M.; Kapuscinski, Anne R.; Li, S.; Dana, G.; Hallerman, Eric M.; Schei, P. J.

doi:10.1079/9781845932961.0151

Cited by 21 publications

(24 citation statements)

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“…), very little empirical work has been done using GM fish under the conditions likely to be encountered by the fish once in nature (Devlin, Sundström & Muir ; Devlin et al . ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Growth‐enhanced coho salmon invading other salmon species populations: effects on early survival and growth

Sundström

Vandersteen

Lõhmus

et al. 2014

Journal of Applied Ecology

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Summary1. The first genetically modified (GM) fish intended for human consumption has recently stimulated significant scientific discussion and regulatory scrutiny regarding food safety and environmental risks. Currently, no experiments with transgenic fish have been performed in nature, yet such data are needed to facilitate predictions of ecological consequences should engineered fish escape to the natural environment. 2. To address this limitation, we conducted experiments under natural conditions but within a contained environment to assess the impact of invasion of growth-enhanced GM coho salmon Oncorhynchus kisutch (Walbaum) on survival and growth of three naturally cohabitating fishes: Chinook salmon O. tshawytscha (Walbaum), steelhead trout O. mykiss (Walbaum) and conspecific wild-type coho salmon. 3. We found that the impact of stream-reared GM coho salmon on invaded specimens was similar to the impact of non-GM coho salmon. However, GM fish significantly reduced survival and growth of the invaded populations if they were first allowed to grow larger under hatchery conditions before being released. 4. Synthesis and applications. Our results show that the ecological impact of fish genetically modified (GM) for rapid growth on closely related fish species may not be high in stream environments, unless these fish are first reared under culture conditions where they are able to realize their genetic growth potential. As such, first generation escapes of GM fish into the natural environment should be a main concern in the short term, whereas later generations, which are more similar to naturally occurring genotypes, are expected to have significantly weaker effects but which could persist for longer periods.

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“…), very little empirical work has been done using GM fish under the conditions likely to be encountered by the fish once in nature (Devlin, Sundström & Muir ; Devlin et al . ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Growth‐enhanced coho salmon invading other salmon species populations: effects on early survival and growth

Sundström

Vandersteen

Lõhmus

et al. 2014

Journal of Applied Ecology

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“…The potential environmental risks of GH transgenic fish can be calculated as a factor of the potential for the fish to enter, persist, and disperse in the ecosystem (exposure) and the potential to adversely influence ecosystem components (harm, e.g. [6–8]). An important component in assessing environmental risk is determining the certainty with which exposure and harm can be predicted.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Growth-Enhanced Transgenic Coho Salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) Strains Have Varied Success in Simulated Streams: Implications for Risk Assessment

et al. 2017

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Growth hormone (GH) transgenic fish have accelerated growth and could improve production efficiency in aquaculture. However, concern exists regarding potential environmental risks of GH transgenic fish should they escape rearing facilities. While environmental effects have been examined in some GH transgenic models, there is a lack of information on whether effects differ among different constructs or strains of transgenic fish. We compared growth and survival of wild-type coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) fry, a fast-growing GH transgenic strain containing a metallothionein promoter (TMT), and three lines/strains containing a reportedly weaker histone-3 promoter (TH3) in hatchery conditions and semi-natural stream tanks with varying levels of natural food and predators. Rank order of genotype size and survival differed with varying environmental conditions, both within and among experiments. Despite accelerated growth in hatchery conditions, TMT fry gained little or no growth enhancement in stream conditions, had enhanced survival when food was limiting, and inconsistent survival under other conditions. Rank growth was inconsistent in TH3 strains, with one strain having highest, and two strains having the lowest growth in stream conditions, although all TH3 strains had consistently poor survival. These studies demonstrate the importance of determining risk estimates for each unique transgenic model independent of other models.

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“…Effects of the transgene and environment and their interaction (genotype by environment interaction effects) are well documented for the GH‐transgenic O . kisutch strain used in this study (Bessey et al ., ; Devlin et al ., ; Sundström et al ., ; Leggatt et al ., ), which causes uncertainty in applying laboratory data to natural scenarios (Devlin et al ., , ). In natural conditions, the strategy of aerobic metabolism needs to be adjusted to all the environmental variables, and as a consequence, aerobic scope (differences between MMR and RMR) that an animal can use to conduct most activities may be greatly disturbed.…”

Section: Mean ± Se Body Size and Ventricle Mass Of Wild‐type Domesmentioning

confidence: 98%

Upper thermal tolerance of wild‐type, domesticated and growth hormone‐transgenic coho salmon Oncorhynchus kisutch

Chen

Devlin

Farrell

2015

Journal of Fish Biology

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In coho salmon Oncorhynchus kisutch, no significant differences in critical thermal maximum (c. 26·9° C, CTmax ) were observed among size-matched wild-type, domesticated, growth hormone (GH)-transgenic fish fed to satiation, and GH-transgenic fish on a ration-restricted diet. Instead, GH-transgenic fish fed to satiation had significantly higher maximum heart rate and Arrhenius breakpoint temperature (mean ± s.e. = 17·3 ± 0·1° C, TAB ). These results provide insight into effects of modified growth rate on temperature tolerance in salmonids, and can be used to assess the potential ecological consequences of GH-transgenic fishes should they enter natural environments with temperatures near their thermal tolerance limits.

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Assessing ecological effects of transgenic fish prior to entry into nature.

Cited by 21 publications

References 0 publications

Growth‐enhanced coho salmon invading other salmon species populations: effects on early survival and growth

Growth‐enhanced coho salmon invading other salmon species populations: effects on early survival and growth

Growth-Enhanced Transgenic Coho Salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) Strains Have Varied Success in Simulated Streams: Implications for Risk Assessment

Upper thermal tolerance of wild‐type, domesticated and growth hormone‐transgenic coho salmon Oncorhynchus kisutch

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