Assessing Eddying (1/12°) Ocean Reanalysis GLORYS12 Using the 14‐yr Instrumental Record From 59.5°N Section in the Atlantic

Verezemskaya, Polina; Barnier, Bernard; Gulev, Sergey; Гладышев, С. В.; Molines, Jean Marc; Gladyshev, V. S.; Lellouche, J. M.; Gavrikov, Alexander

doi:10.1029/2020jc016317

Cited by 27 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 61 publications

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“…Like ORAS5, the model constituent of GLORYS12 uses the NEMO platform driven at the surface by ECMWF ERA-Interim atmospheric reanalysis. Salinity data was provided daily from 1993-2019 at a 1/12 • spatial resolution with 50 standard vertical layers starting at 0.5 m [32].…”

Section: Ocean Model Simulations and Reanalysis Productsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intercomparison of Salinity Products in the Beaufort Gyre and Arctic Ocean

2021

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Salinity is the primary determinant of the Arctic Ocean’s density structure. Freshwater accumulation and distribution in the Arctic Ocean have varied significantly in recent decades and certainly in the Beaufort Gyre (BG). In this study, we analyze salinity variations in the BG region between 2012 and 2017. We use in situ salinity observations from the Seasonal Ice Zone Reconnaissance Surveys (SIZRS), CTD casts from the Beaufort Gyre Exploration Project (BGP), and the EN4 data to validate and compare with satellite observations from Soil Moisture Active Passive (SMAP), Soil Moisture and Ocean Salinity (SMOS), and Aquarius Optimally Interpolated Sea Surface Salinity (OISSS), and Arctic Ocean models: ECCO, MIZMAS, HYCOM, ORAS5, and GLORYS12. Overall, satellite observations are restricted to ice-free regions in the BG area, and models tend to overestimate sea surface salinity (SSS). Freshwater Content (FWC), an important component of the BG, is computed for EN4 and most models. ORAS5 provides the strongest positive SSS correlation coefficient (0.612) and lowest bias to in situ observations compared to the other products. ORAS5 subsurface salinity and FWC compare well with the EN4 data. Discrepancies between models and SIZRS data are highest in GLORYS12 and ECCO. These comparisons identify dissimilarities between salinity products and extend challenges to observations applicable to other areas of the Arctic Ocean.

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Section: Ocean Model Simulations and Reanalysis Productsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intercomparison of Salinity Products in the Beaufort Gyre and Arctic Ocean

2021

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“…To keep a homogeneous quality over the entire period, GLORYS12 is restricted to the altimetry era since the observational network before the altimeters' arrival is not informative on mesoscale. Several scientific studies have already investigated thoroughly local ocean processes by comparing the GLORYS12 reanalysis with independent observations campaigns (e.g., Artana et al, 2018;Artana et al, 2019a;Poli et al, 2020;Chenillat et al, 2021;Verezemskaya et al, 2021). The objective of this paper is to provide some hindsight about the global behavior of the reanalysis compared to assimilated or independent observations, with a review of the strengths and weaknesses.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Copernicus Global 1/12° Oceanic and Sea Ice GLORYS12 Reanalysis

et al. 2021

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GLORYS12 is a global eddy-resolving physical ocean and sea ice reanalysis at 1/12° horizontal resolution covering the 1993-present altimetry period, designed and implemented in the framework of the Copernicus Marine Environment Monitoring Service (CMEMS). The model component is the NEMO platform driven at the surface by atmospheric conditions from the ECMWF ERA-Interim reanalysis. Ocean observations are assimilated by means of a reduced-order Kalman filter. Along track altimeter sea level anomaly, satellite sea surface temperature and sea ice concentration, as well as in situ temperature and salinity vertical profiles are jointly assimilated. A 3D-VAR scheme provides an additional correction for the slowly-evolving large-scale biases in temperature and salinity. The performance of the reanalysis shows a clear dependency on the time-dependent in situ observation system. The general assessment of GLORYS12 highlights a level of performance at the state-of-the-art and the capacity of the system to capture the main expected climatic interannual variability signals for ocean and sea ice, the general circulation and the inter-basins exchanges. In terms of trends, GLORYS12 shows a higher than observed warming trend together with a slightly lower than observed global mean sea level rise. Comparisons made with an experiment carried out on the same platform without assimilation show the benefit of data assimilation in controlling water mass properties and sea ice cover and their low frequency variability. Moreover, GLORYS12 represents particularly well the small-scale variability of surface dynamics and compares well with independent (non-assimilated) data. Comparisons made with a twin experiment carried out at 1/4° resolution allows characterizing and quantifying the strengthened contribution of the 1/12° resolution onto the downscaled dynamics. GLORYS12 provides a reliable physical ocean state for climate variability and supports applications such as seasonal forecasts. In addition, this reanalysis has strong assets to serve regional applications and provide relevant physical conditions for applications such as marine biogeochemistry. In the near future, GLORYS12 will be maintained to be as close as possible to real time and could therefore provide relevant and continuous reference past ocean states for many operational applications.

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“…It represents the small-scale variability of surface dynamics particularly well and effectively captures the lowfrequency variability of the sea ice extent in Arctic and Antarctic Oceans (Jean-Michel et al, 2021). When assessed against 14 years (2002)(2003)(2004)(2005)(2006)(2007)(2008)(2009)(2010)(2011)(2012)(2013)(2014)(2015) hydrographic observations collected at 59.5°N in the subpolar North Atlantic, the GLORYS12 effectively produced the thermohaline structure and reliably represented the ocean heat content in the upper 700-m layer (Verezemskaya et al, 2021). Further details about GLORYS12 can be obtained from the work of Jean-Michel et al (2021).…”

Section: Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatio-temporal analysis of east greenland polar front

et al. 2022

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The East Greenland Polar Front (EGPF) is an important front with strong salinity and temperature gradients in the Nordic Seas. It is formed by the interaction between Arctic-origin and Atlantic-origin water. The variations of EGPF are closely linked with sea ice melting and heat content transport associated with North Atlantic water recirculation. For a three-dimensional (3D) daily analysis, we use the global ocean eddy resolution reanalysis product (GLORYS12V1) from 1993 to 2018 to calculate the salinity and temperature horizontal gradient in the upper ocean and obtain the spatiotemporal distribution and intensity characteristics of EGPF. After assessment, the thresholds of the salinity and temperature fronts are set to 0.04 psu/km and 0.09°C/km, respectively. Compared with satellite observations of sea ice concentration, a significant spatial relationship is observed between the main position of EGPF and the ice edge before the sea ice shrinks to the continental shelf sea area. Affected by the freshening of the Arctic-origin water due to the melting of the sea ice, the intensity and area of EGPF show significant seasonal variations. Against the background of global warming, the sea ice area presents an obvious decreasing trend in the Greenland Sea. The melting of sea ice increased annually every summer from 1998 to 2018. The heat content transport of the Atlantic-origin water has also increased in recent years. The 3D characteristics (intensity and volume) of EGPF as salinity and temperature fronts exhibit increasing trends.

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Assessing Eddying (1/12°) Ocean Reanalysis GLORYS12 Using the 14‐yr Instrumental Record From 59.5°N Section in the Atlantic

Cited by 27 publications

References 61 publications

Intercomparison of Salinity Products in the Beaufort Gyre and Arctic Ocean

Intercomparison of Salinity Products in the Beaufort Gyre and Arctic Ocean

The Copernicus Global 1/12° Oceanic and Sea Ice GLORYS12 Reanalysis

Spatio-temporal analysis of east greenland polar front

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