Assessing elevated CO<sub>2</sub> responses using meta‐analysis

Jablonski, Leanne M.; Wang, Xianzhong

doi:10.1046/j.1469-8137.2003.00886.x

Cited by 6 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…The answer depends on whether tropical tree growth is limited by photosynthetic carbon supply (Lloyd & Farquhar 2008). Formal meta-analyses of CO 2 -enhancement experiments show increases in carbon gains and plant growth using open-topped chambers (Curtis & Wang 1998, Curtis et al 2003, Kimball et al 2007), free-air CO 2 enrichment (FACE) approaches (Ainsworth & Long 2005, Nowak et al 2004, and plants growing near natural CO 2 vents (Bartak et al 1999, Idso 1999, and include experiments on in situ tropical trees (Wurth et al 1998) with the longest studies spanning 30 years. This is because, along with light availability, CO 2 is a limiting factor for photosynthesis, with plant growth being especially responsive to CO 2 at low light levels, in line with theoretical predictions (Lloyd & Farquhar 1996).…”

Section: Photosynthesismentioning

confidence: 99%

Changing Ecology of Tropical Forests: Evidence and Drivers

Lewis

Lloyd

Sitch

et al. 2009

Annu. Rev. Ecol. Evol. Syst.

256

236

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Global environmental changes may be altering the ecology of tropical forests. Long-term monitoring plots have provided much of the evidence for largescale, directional changes in tropical forests, but the results have been controversial. Here we review evidence from six complementary approaches to understanding possible changes: plant physiology experiments, long-term monitoring plots, ecosystem flux techniques, atmospheric measurements, Earth observations, and global-scale vegetation models. Evidence from four of these approaches suggests that large-scale, directional changes are occurring in the ecology of tropical forests, with the other two approaches providing inconclusive results. Collectively, the evidence indicates that both gross and net primary productivity has likely increased over recent decades, as have tree growth, recruitment, and mortality rates, and forest biomass. These results suggest a profound reorganization of tropical forest ecosystems. We evaluate the most likely drivers of the suite of changes, and suggest increasing resource availability, potentially from rising atmospheric CO 2 concentrations, is the most likely cause.

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Section: Photosynthesismentioning

confidence: 99%

Changing Ecology of Tropical Forests: Evidence and Drivers

Lewis

Lloyd

Sitch

et al. 2009

Annu. Rev. Ecol. Evol. Syst.

256

236

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“…These could include higher temperatures, greater propensity for more intense rainfalls, and higher CO 2 levels. Each of these can positively affect the crop yield by promoting enhanced photosynthesis rates [Curtis et al, 2003;Jablonski et al, 2002] and taller and more robust crop and forest growth. Conversely, depending on the local conditions, the same changes could translate into increasing pest risk, higher ozone-related damages, increasing soil erosion risk, hail and frost damage, and reduced work days suitable for farm activities.…”

Section: Foodmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dealing With Complexity and Extreme Events Using a Bottom-Up, Resource-Based Vulnerability Perspective

Pielke¹,

Wilby²,

Niyogi³

et al. 2012

Extreme Events and Natural Hazards: The Complexity Perspective

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We discuss the adoption of a bottom-up, resource-based vulnerability approach in evaluating the effect of climate and other environmental and societal threats to societally critical resources. This vulnerability concept requires the determination of the major threats to local and regional water, food, energy, human health, and ecosystem function resources from extreme events including those from climate but also from other social and environmental issues. After these threats are identified for each resource, then the relative risks can be compared with other risks in order to adopt optimal preferred mitigation/adaptation strategies. This is a more inclusive way of assessing risks, including from climate variability and climate change, than using the outcome vulnerability approach adopted by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). A contextual vulnerability assessment using the bottom-up, resource-based framework is a more inclusive approach for policy makers to adopt effective mitigation and adaptation methodologies to deal with the complexity of the spectrum of social and environmental extreme events that will occur in the coming decades as the range of threats are assessed, beyond just the focus on CO 2 and a few other greenhouse gases as emphasized in the IPCC assessments.

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“…(i) Some basic issues on meta-analysis still exist [8,11,14,23,82] , including publication bias, the choice of effect size measures, the difficulty of data loss when selecting literatures, quality assessment on literatures and non-independence among individual studies. There are a lot of discussions on publication bias because it can directly affect the conclusions of meta-analysis.…”

Section: Some Issuesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Meta-analysis and its application in global change research

et al. 2007

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Meta-analysis is a quantitative synthetic research method that statistically integrates results from individual studies to find common trends and differences. With increasing concern over global change, meta-analysis has been rapidly adopted in global change research. Here, we introduce the methodologies, advantages and disadvantages of meta-analysis, and review its application in global climate change research, including the responses of ecosystems to global warming and rising CO 2 and O 3 concentrations, the effects of land use and management on climate change and the effects of disturbances on biogeochemistry cycles of ecosystem. Despite limitation and potential misapplication, meta-analysis has been demonstrated to be a much better tool than traditional narrative review in synthesizing results from multiple studies. Several methodological developments for research synthesis have not yet been widely used in global climate change researches such as cumulative meta-analysis and sensitivity analysis. It is necessary to update the results of meta-analysis on a given topic at regular intervals by including newly published studies. Emphasis should be put on multi-factor interaction and long-term experiments. There is great potential to apply meta-analysis to global climate change research in China because research and observation networks have been established (e.g. ChinaFlux and CERN), which create the need for combining these data and results to provide support for governments' decision making on climate change. It is expected that meta-analysis will be widely adopted in future climate change research. meta-analysis, global climate changeClimate change has been one of the greatest challenges to sustainable development. Global average temperature has increased by approximately 0.6℃ over the past 100 years and is projected to continue to rise at a rapid rate; global atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) concentration has risen by nearly 38% since the pre-industrial period and will surpass 700 umol/mol by the end of this century [1] . Most of the warming over the last 50 years is attributable to human activities, and human influences are expected to continue to change atmospheric composition throughout the 21st century. Climate change has the potential to alter ecosystem structure (plant height and species composition) and functions (photosynthesis and respiration, carbon assimilation and biogeochemistry cycle). The change in ecosystem is expected to alter global climate through feedback mechanisms, which will have effects on human activities and these feedback mechanisms as well. Therefore, climate change, human influences and ecosystem response have become more and more interconnected. However, these

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Assessing elevated CO₂ responses using meta‐analysis

Cited by 6 publications

References 4 publications

Changing Ecology of Tropical Forests: Evidence and Drivers

Changing Ecology of Tropical Forests: Evidence and Drivers

Dealing With Complexity and Extreme Events Using a Bottom-Up, Resource-Based Vulnerability Perspective

Meta-analysis and its application in global change research

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Assessing elevated CO2 responses using meta‐analysis

Cited by 6 publications

References 4 publications

Changing Ecology of Tropical Forests: Evidence and Drivers

Changing Ecology of Tropical Forests: Evidence and Drivers

Dealing With Complexity and Extreme Events Using a Bottom-Up, Resource-Based Vulnerability Perspective

Meta-analysis and its application in global change research

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About

Assessing elevated CO₂ responses using meta‐analysis