Assessing environmental and physiological controls over water relations in a Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) stand through analyses of stable isotope composition of water and organic matter

Brandes, Elke; Wenninger, Jochen; Koeniger, Paul; Schindler, Dirk; Rennenberg, Heinz; Leibundgut, Christian; Mayer, Helmut; Geßler, Arthur

doi:10.1111/j.1365-3040.2006.01609.x

Cited by 84 publications

(102 citation statements)

References 75 publications

(144 reference statements)

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“…However, these variations in the fast-turnover organic matter pool in leaves had a much lower day-night amplitude than the observed diel changes in respired δ 13 CO 2 (Brandes et al, 2006(Brandes et al, , 2007Gessler et al, 2007Gessler et al, , 2008Kodama et al, 2008;Werner et al, 2009, see Table 1) and were also phase-shifted compared to δ 13 C res (Kodama et al, 2008, see also Fig. 1).…”

Section: M12mentioning

confidence: 96%

“…2; M1.3). Consequently, the diel cycle of δ 13 C in organic matter in trunks and stems of trees is mainly dependent on the position along the trunk and dampening as well as time lags have been observed (Keitel et al, 2003;Brandes et al, 2006Brandes et al, , 2007. At the tree trunk base often no diel variation in phloem sugar δ 13 C was present Kodama et al, 2008;Betson et al, 2007;Rascher et al, 2010) whereas strong diel variations in δ 13 C res are generally observed (Kodama et al, 2008;Maunoury et al, 2007).…”

Section: M13: Isotope Fractionation During Carbon Transportmentioning

confidence: 97%

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Diel variations in the carbon isotope composition of respired CO2 and associated carbon sources: a review of dynamics and mechanisms

Werner

Geßler

2011

Biogeosciences

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Abstract. Recent advances have improved our methodological approaches and theoretical understanding of postphotosynthetic carbon isotope fractionation processes. Nevertheless we still lack a clear picture of the origin of shortterm variability in δ 13 C of respired CO 2 (δ 13 C res ) and organic carbon fractions on a diel basis. Closing this knowledge gap is essential for the application of stable isotope approaches for partitioning ecosystem respiration, tracing carbon flow through plants and ecosystems and disentangling key physiological processes in carbon metabolism of plants. In this review we examine the short-term dynamics in δ 13 C res and putative substrate pools at the plant, soil and ecosystem scales and discuss mechanisms, which might drive diel δ 13 C res dynamics at each scale. Maximum reported variation in diel δ 13 C res is 4.0, 5.4 and 14.8 ‰ in trunks, roots and leaves of different species and 12.5 and 8.1 ‰ at the soil and ecosystem scale in different biomes. Temporal variation in post-photosynthetic isotope fractionation related to changes in carbon allocation to different metabolic pathways is the most plausible mechanistic explanation for observed diel dynamics in δ 13 C res . In addition, mixing of component fluxes with different temporal dynamics and isotopic compositions add to the δ 13 C res variation on the soil and ecosystem level. Understanding short-term variations in δ 13 C res is particularly important for ecosystem studies, since δ 13 C res contains information on the fate of respiratory substrates, and may, therefore, provide a non-intrusive way to identify changes in carbon allocation patterns.

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Section: M12mentioning

confidence: 96%

Section: M13: Isotope Fractionation During Carbon Transportmentioning

confidence: 97%

Diel variations in the carbon isotope composition of respired CO2 and associated carbon sources: a review of dynamics and mechanisms

Werner

Geßler

2011

Biogeosciences

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“…On the basis of day-to-day variations in the photosynthetic carbon isotope fractionation as occurring in C 3 plants, the transport of new assimilates through the plant and within the ecosystem has been tracked as soil respired CO 2 Knohl et al, 2005;Mortazavi et al, 2005;Brandes et al, 2006;Gessler et al, 2007) and transport times have been assessed (Mencuccini and Hölttä, 2010) (see 3.4). As demonstrated by Brandes et al (2007) and Wingate et al (2010), such techniques can be applied throughout the whole growing season and have the additional advantagecompared to 13 C pulse labeling experiments -that the information on leaf physiology encoded in δ 13 C can be additionally analysed. As mentioned above and discussed by Warren and Adams (2006), it might, however, not be possible to directly relate δ 13 C to p i /p a or water-use efficiency in C 3 species due to potential variations in g m .…”

Section: Photosynthetic Carbon Isotope Fractionation and Its Temporalmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, temporal changes in C allocation and metabolic processes along the transport pathways can strongly affect this relationship between environmental conditions and δ 13 C. For example, it has been observed that phloem sucrose is 13 C-enriched in the trunk compared to the twig phloem of trees (e.g. Brandes et al, 2006Brandes et al, , 2007. It is likely that metabolic processes associated with phloem transport (such as phloem loading, unloading and mixing; 5 in Fig.…”

Section: Carbon Allocation In the Plant-soil Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

Carbon allocation and carbon isotope fluxes in the plant-soil-atmosphere continuum: a review

Brüggemann¹,

et al. 2011

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Abstract. The terrestrial carbon (C) cycle has received increasing interest over the past few decades, however, there is still a lack of understanding of the fate of newly assimilated C allocated within plants and to the soil, stored within ecosystems and lost to the atmosphere. Stable carbon isotope studies can give novel insights into these issues. In this review we provide an overview of an emerging picture of plant-soil-atmosphere C fluxes, as based on C isotopeCorrespondence to: N. Brüggemann (n.brueggemann@fz-juelich.de) studies, and identify processes determining related C isotope signatures. The first part of the review focuses on isotopic fractionation processes within plants during and after photosynthesis. The second major part elaborates on plantinternal and plant-rhizosphere C allocation patterns at different time scales (diel, seasonal, interannual), including the speed of C transfer and time lags in the coupling of assimilation and respiration, as well as the magnitude and controls of plant-soil C allocation and respiratory fluxes. Plant responses to changing environmental conditions, the functional relationship between the physiological and phenological status of plants and C transfer, and interactions between Published by Copernicus Publications on behalf of the European Geosciences Union. 3458 N. Brüggemann et al.: Plant-soil-atmosphere C fluxes C, water and nutrient dynamics are discussed. The role of the C counterflow from the rhizosphere to the aboveground parts of the plants, e.g. via CO 2 dissolved in the xylem water or as xylem-transported sugars, is highlighted. The third part is centered around belowground C turnover, focusing especially on above-and belowground litter inputs, soil organic matter formation and turnover, production and loss of dissolved organic C, soil respiration and CO 2 fixation by soil microbes. Furthermore, plant controls on microbial communities and activity via exudates and litter production as well as microbial community effects on C mineralization are reviewed. A further part of the paper is dedicated to physical interactions between soil CO 2 and the soil matrix, such as CO 2 diffusion and dissolution processes within the soil profile. Finally, we highlight state-of-the-art stable isotope methodologies and their latest developments. From the presented evidence we conclude that there exists a tight coupling of physical, chemical and biological processes involved in C cycling and C isotope fluxes in the plant-soil-atmosphere system. Generally, research using information from C isotopes allows an integrated view of the different processes involved. However, complex interactions among the range of processes complicate or currently impede the interpretation of isotopic signals in CO 2 or organic compounds at the plant and ecosystem level. This review tries to identify present knowledge gaps in correctly interpreting carbon stable isotope signals in the plant-soil-atmosphere system and how future research approaches could contribute to closing these gaps.

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“…Some of these biophysical processes may include: effects of evaporative fractionation on xylem isotopic compositions during summer months (Simonin et al, 2014), the potentially longer residence and transit times of water within the xylem (Brandes et al, 2007), or possible 15 fractionation/discrimination of 18 and 2 during root-water uptake (Ellsworth and Williams, 2007;Vargas et al, 2017).…”

Section: Ecohydrologic Controls Of Root-uptake On Soil Watermentioning

confidence: 99%

Using StorAge Selection functions to quantify ecohydrological controls on the time-variant age of evapotranspiration, soil water, and recharge

Smith

Tetzlaff

Soulsby

2018

Preprint

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Abstract. Quantifying ecohydrological controls on soil water availability is essential to understand temporal variations in catchment storage. Soil water is subject to numerous time-variable fluxes (evaporation, root-uptake, and recharge), each with 10 different water ages which in turn affect the age of water in storage. Here, we adapt StorAge Selection (SAS) function theory to investigate water flow in soils and identify soil evaporation and root-water uptake sources from depth. We use this to quantify the effects of soil-vegetation interactions on the inter-relationships between water fluxes, storage, and age. The novel modification of the SAS function framework is tested against empirical data from two contrasting soil-vegetation units in the Scottish Highlands; these are characterised by significant preferential flow, transporting younger water through the soil during 15 high soil moisture conditions. Dominant young water fluxes, along with relatively low rainfall intensities, explain relatively stable soil water ages through time and with depth. Soil evaporation sources were more time-invariant with high preference for near-surface water, independent of soil moisture conditions, and resulting in soil evaporation water ages similar to nearsurface soil waters (mean age: 50 -65 days). Sources of root-water uptake were more variable: preferential near-surface water uptake occurred in wet conditions, with a deeper root-uptake source during dry soil conditions, which resulted in more variable 20 water ages of transpiration (mean age: 56 -79 days). The simple model structure provides a parsimonious means of constraining the water age of multiple fluxes from the upper part of the critical zone during time-varying conditions improving our understanding of vegetation influences on catchment scale water fluxes.

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Assessing environmental and physiological controls over water relations in a Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) stand through analyses of stable isotope composition of water and organic matter

Cited by 84 publications

References 75 publications

Diel variations in the carbon isotope composition of respired CO<sub>2</sub> and associated carbon sources: a review of dynamics and mechanisms

Diel variations in the carbon isotope composition of respired CO<sub>2</sub> and associated carbon sources: a review of dynamics and mechanisms

Carbon allocation and carbon isotope fluxes in the plant-soil-atmosphere continuum: a review

Using StorAge Selection functions to quantify ecohydrological controls on the time-variant age of evapotranspiration, soil water, and recharge

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Assessing environmental and physiological controls over water relations in a Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) stand through analyses of stable isotope composition of water and organic matter

Cited by 84 publications

References 75 publications

Diel variations in the carbon isotope composition of respired CO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; and associated carbon sources: a review of dynamics and mechanisms

Diel variations in the carbon isotope composition of respired CO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; and associated carbon sources: a review of dynamics and mechanisms

Carbon allocation and carbon isotope fluxes in the plant-soil-atmosphere continuum: a review

Using StorAge Selection functions to quantify ecohydrological controls on the time-variant age of evapotranspiration, soil water, and recharge

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Product

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Diel variations in the carbon isotope composition of respired CO<sub>2</sub> and associated carbon sources: a review of dynamics and mechanisms

Diel variations in the carbon isotope composition of respired CO<sub>2</sub> and associated carbon sources: a review of dynamics and mechanisms