Assessing Exposure to Cosmic Radiation during Long-haul Flights

Bottollier-Depois, J.-F.; Chau, Q.; Bouisset, P.; Kerlau, G.; Plawinski, L.; Lebaron-Jacobs, L.

doi:10.1667/0033-7587(2000)153[0526:aetcrd]2.0.co;2

Cited by 59 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…However, there is some indication of an SAA effect in the 5-to 10-km altitude range of commercial jet travel. For example, radiation dose rates as high as 0.3 mrem/h were measured along Paris-Buenos Aires flight paths beneath the center of the SAA (Bottollier-Depois et al 2000), somewhat higher than expected for normal airline travel (Gundestrup and Storm 1999). At this rate, several hundred hours of exposure at this level would be needed to reach the 1 mSv (millisievert) annual limit traditionally recommended as a safety maximum for exposure to ionizing radiation.…”

Section: The South Atlantic Anomaly (Saa)mentioning

confidence: 89%

Changes in earth’s dipole

Olson

Amit

2006

Naturwissenschaften

139

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The dipole moment of Earth's magnetic field has decreased by nearly 9% over the past 150 years and by about 30% over the past 2,000 years according to archeomagnetic measurements. Here, we explore the causes and the implications of this rapid change. Maps of the geomagnetic field on the core-mantle boundary derived from ground-based and satellite measurements reveal that most of the present episode of dipole moment decrease originates in the southern hemisphere. Weakening and equatorward advection of normal polarity magnetic field by the core flow, combined with proliferation and growth of regions where the magnetic polarity is reversed, are reducing the dipole moment on the core-mantle boundary. Growth of these reversed flux regions has occurred over the past century or longer and is associated with the expansion of the South Atlantic Anomaly, a low-intensity region in the geomagnetic field that presents a radiation hazard at satellite altitudes. We address the speculation that the present episode of dipole moment decrease is a precursor to the next geomagnetic polarity reversal. The paleomagnetic record contains a broad spectrum of dipole moment fluctuations with polarity reversals typically occurring during dipole moment lows. However, the dipole moment is stronger today than its long time average, indicating that polarity reversal is not likely unless the current episode of moment decrease continues for a thousand years or more.

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Section: The South Atlantic Anomaly (Saa)mentioning

confidence: 89%

Changes in earth’s dipole

Olson

Amit

2006

Naturwissenschaften

139

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“…The maximum annual DDE dose received by any of our researchers in the past 2 years of use has been 30 mrem per year, and less than 10 mrem per year is typical. For comparison, typical background dose from cosmic radiation is 300 mrem per year, and a roundtrip flight from New York to Paris causes an average extra cosmic radiation dose of 6 mrem (based on an approximate dose rate of 0.5 mrem/hr and 12 hr flying time (Bottollier-Depois et al, 2002)). …”

Section: X-ray Safetymentioning

confidence: 99%

X‐ray reconstruction of moving morphology (XROMM): precision, accuracy and applications in comparative biomechanics research

et al. 2010

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X-Ray Reconstruction of Moving Morphology (XROMM) comprises a set of 3D X-ray motion analysis techniques that merge motion data from in vivo X-ray videos with skeletal morphology data from bone scans into precise and accurate animations of 3D bones moving in 3D space. XROMM methods include: (1) manual alignment (registration) of bone models to video sequences, i.e., Scientific Rotoscoping; (2) computer vision-based autoregistration of bone models to biplanar X-ray videos; and (3) marker-based registration of bone models to biplanar X-ray videos. Here, we describe a novel set of X-ray hardware, software, and workflows for marker-based XROMM. Refurbished C-arm fluoroscopes retrofitted with high-speed video cameras offer a relatively inexpensive X-ray hardware solution for comparative biomechanics research. Precision for our biplanar C-arm hardware and analysis software, measured as the standard deviation of pairwise distances between 1 mm tantalum markers embedded in rigid objects, was found to be +/-0.046 mm under optimal conditions and +/-0.084 mm under actual in vivo recording conditions. Mean error in measurement of a known distance between two beads was within the 0.01 mm fabrication tolerance of the test object, and mean absolute error was 0.037 mm. Animating 3D bone models from sets of marker positions (XROMM animation) makes it possible to study skeletal kinematics in the context of detailed bone morphology. The biplanar fluoroscopy hardware and computational methods described here should make XROMM an accessible and useful addition to the available technologies for studying the form, function, and evolution of vertebrate animals.

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“…Például a kockázat több mint 10-szeres a HCV-HCC, asbestosismesothelioma, 5-10-szeres a dohányzás-tüdőrák, H. pylori-gyomorrák és 1,3-szeres a passzív dohányzás-tüdőrák vonatkozásában [7]. Néhány sugárexpozíció egymáshoz viszonyított értékeit a 3. táblázat tartalmazza [20][21][22][23][24].…”

Section: öSszefoglaló Közleményunclassified

Onkológiai betegek szoros képalkotó követése – előny vagy hátrány?

Deme¹,

Telekes

2016

Orvosi Hetilap

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A Nemzetközi Sugárvédelmi Bizottság becslése szerint 100 mSv sugárexpozíció a rosszindulatú daganatos megbetegedések kockázatát 0,5%-kal emeli. A lineáris nincs küszöb modell központi feltételezése az, hogy alacsony dózisú ionizáló sugárzás esetén a carcinogenesis beindítása az "egy találat akció" során, vagyis akár egy elektron által okozott egy vagy több dezoxiribonukleinsav szál törése útján is megtörténhet. Függetlenül attól, hogy milyen kis dózisról van szó, a sugárexpozíció fokozza a rosszindulatú daganat kialakulásának kockázatát. Az Egyesült Államokban végzett összes komputertomográfiás vizsgálat megközelítőleg egyharmadában egyrészt bizonyított klinikai racionalitás nélkül indikálják a vizsgálatot, azaz olyankor, amikor a nem röntgensugárt alkalmazó képalkotók ugyanolyan szenzitivitással és specificitással használhatóak lennének, másrészt feleslegesen ismétlik a vizsgálatokat. A technikai fejlesztések csök-kentették a sugárterhelés veszélyérzetét, pedig annak kockázatára és kumulatív jellegére mindig gondolni kell. Az onkológiai betegek követésében az ionizáló sugárzással járó rákkockázat minimalizálása szükséges. A nem ionizáló sugárral dolgozó diagnosztikus eszközök széles körű elérhetőségére van szükség (például teljes test diffúziósúlyozott mágneses rezonanciás vizsgálat, pozitronemissziós tomográfia/mágneses rezonanciás vizsgálat). Orv. Hetil., 2016, 157(39), 1538-1545. Kulcsszavak: ionizáló sugárzás, rákkockázat, képalkotó követésClose follow-up of oncologic patients with imaging -advantage or disadvantage?The International Commission on Radiological Protection estimates, that 100 mSv exposure of radiation increases cancer risk by 0.5%. The central hypothesis of the Linear No Threshold model is that low dose ionizing radiation can induce carcinogenesis through the so called "one hit action", that is one or more deoxyribonucleic acid strands can be broken by the hit of only one electron particule. Regardless of the radiation dose, radiation exposure increases cancer risk. In the United States of America, one-third of computed tomographic scans are carried with no clear clinical indication, i.e. non radiating imaging can be applied with equal sensitivity and specificity. Furthermore, computed tomographic scans are repeated unnecessarily. Although technical improvements have reduced the concern of the potential danger of radiation exposure, the cumulative aspects and cancer risk should always be considered. Cancer risk, accompanied by ionizing radiation, should be minimized during the follow up of oncologic patients. It is mandatory, that all diagnostic tools which are not using ionizing radiation should be made widely accessable (eg. whole body diffusion weighted magnetic resonance imaging, positron emission tomography/magnetic resonance imaging). Keywords ÖSSZEFOGLALÓ KÖZLEMÉNYRövidítések ASIR = adaptive statistical iterative reconstruction; BEIR = biological effect of ionizing radiation; c-RET = rearranged during transfection c típusú protoonkogén; CT = computed tomography; DNS = dezoxiribonukle...

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Assessing Exposure to Cosmic Radiation during Long-haul Flights

Cited by 59 publications

References 8 publications

Changes in earth’s dipole

Changes in earth’s dipole

X‐ray reconstruction of moving morphology (XROMM): precision, accuracy and applications in comparative biomechanics research

Onkológiai betegek szoros képalkotó követése – előny vagy hátrány?

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