Assessing Food Security in Ethiopia

Thome, Karen; Meade, Birgit; Rosen, Stacey L.; Beghin, John C.

doi:10.1108/s1574-871520170000017014

Cited by 8 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…According to the FAO [3], low-income countries rely more on staple foods and less on fruits and vegetables and animal source foods than high-income countries. As previously found by Thome et al [65], Ritchie et al [62], and Elbushra and Ahmed [163], weak cointegration between food inflation and food security in low-income economies could be explained by the high portion of locally produced staples in consumption. Amid the COVID-19 outbreak, some countries have decreased food purchases from abroad, thus automatically increasing their foreign trade balances due to the lower portion of imports.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 58%

“…In low-income economies, food shortages and other disruptions of food availability are commonly considered to be the major factors of food insecurity [ 59 , 60 , 61 , 62 , 63 ]. Additionally, due to the world’s highest portion of disposable income spent on food in low-income countries [ 64 , 65 , 66 , 67 ], even a slight deterioration in the economic access to staple foods harms the food security status of the households. As the spread of the COVID-19 and lockdown measures trigger economic decline, we suggest that:…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Impacts of COVID-19 on Trade and Economic Aspects of Food Security: Evidence from 45 Developing Countries

Erokhin

Tianming

2020

IJERPH

245

173

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The stability of food supply chains is crucial to the food security of people around the world. Since the beginning of 2020, this stability has been undergoing one of the most vigorous pressure tests ever due to the COVID-19 outbreak. From a mere health issue, the pandemic has turned into an economic threat to food security globally in the forms of lockdowns, economic decline, food trade restrictions, and rising food inflation. It is safe to assume that the novel health crisis has badly struck the least developed and developing economies, where people are particularly vulnerable to hunger and malnutrition. However, due to the recency of the COVID-19 problem, the impacts of macroeconomic fluctuations on food insecurity have remained scantily explored. In this study, the authors attempted to bridge this gap by revealing interactions between the food security status of people and the dynamics of COVID-19 cases, food trade, food inflation, and currency volatilities. The study was performed in the cases of 45 developing economies distributed to three groups by the level of income. The consecutive application of the autoregressive distributed lag method, Yamamoto’s causality test, and variance decomposition analysis allowed the authors to find the food insecurity effects of COVID-19 to be more perceptible in upper-middle-income economies than in the least developed countries. In the latter, food security risks attributed to the emergence of the health crisis were mainly related to economic access to adequate food supply (food inflation), whereas in higher-income developing economies, availability-sided food security risks (food trade restrictions and currency depreciation) were more prevalent. The approach presented in this paper contributes to the establishment of a methodology framework that may equip decision-makers with up-to-date estimations of health crisis effects on economic parameters of food availability and access to staples in food-insecure communities.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 58%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impacts of COVID-19 on Trade and Economic Aspects of Food Security: Evidence from 45 Developing Countries

Erokhin

Tianming

2020

IJERPH

245

173

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…High inadequate minimum dietary diversity was observed in Somali, Afar, Amhara, Western Tigray, Benshangul-Gumuz and the southern nations, nations and peoples’ regions both in hotspot analysis and cluster outlier analysis. Household food insecurity was high in these region of the country [ 31 ]. The eastern (Somali and Afar) part of the Ethiopia is frequently affected by drought, which implicate the high inadequate MDD in these regions [ 32 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatial variation and determinates of dietary diversity among children aged 6–23 months in Ethiopia: spatial and multilevel analysis using Ethiopian Demography Health Survey (EDHS) 2019

et al. 2022

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Background Minimum dietary diversity is the consumption of five or more food groups from the eight World Health Organization recommended food groups. Adequately diversified diet, in terms of amount and composition, is critical for optimal growth, development, and long-term health outcomes in the first 2 years. Understanding the regional variation of dietary diversity and the underlying factors is crucial for developing and implementing interventions. However, the use of spatial approaches in dietary studies has not been widely established. Therefore, this study aimed to explore the spatial patterns and determinates of minimum dietary diversity practice among 6–23 months children in Ethiopia. Methods Secondary data analysis was conducted based on the Demographic and Health Surveys data conducted in Ethiopia. A total weighted sample of 1578 children aged 6–23 months was included for this study. The Global Moran’s I was estimated to look into the regional variation of dietary diversity and hotspot and cold spot areas. Further, multivariable multilevel logistic regression was used for factor analyses. Adjusted Odds Ratio with 95% CI was used to declare the strength and significance of the association. Results Overall, 87.4% (95% CI: 85.7 to 88.9%) of children in 2019 had inadequate Minimum dietary diversity. We identified statistically significant clusters of high inadequate dietary diversity (hotspots) notably observed in Somali, Afar, Eastern and western Amhara, western Tigray, Benishangul, and Northeastern and western parts of the southern nations, nationality and peoples’ regions. Inadequate dietary diversity was significantly higher among young children, uneducated mother, married women, younger mother, no postnatal check, community with higher level of poverty and community level uneducated woman. Conclusion According to the findings of this study inadequate Minimum dietary diversity for children as measured by World Health Organization dietary assessment shows high. Children's dietary diversity was distributed non-randomly in different districts across Ethiopia's regions. The findings of the study provided critical evidence about dietary diversity and associated factors. Hence, policy should focused on improve education status of Mother, boosting economic status of the community, increased maternal continuum of care and focused on young children nutrition may advance dietary diversity.

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“…According to Allee et al [ 161 ], an increase in income directly influences an improvement in the food security status of the population, but the strength of this effect varies depending on the country. Thome et al [ 54 ], Ritchie et al [ 53 ], and Elbushra and Ahmed [ 52 ] explained the stronger influence of economic parameters on calorie supply in middle-income countries compared to low-income economies by a lower portion of locally produced staples in consumption. In our study, in confrontation with Hypotheses 2 and 3, the variability of the income–food supply relationship is found to be significant in both lower-middle-income and upper-middle-income countries with no decisive prevalence in the former.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, the evidence of the economic factors–food supply relationship is inconclusive. Reeves et al [ 46 ], Otsuka [ 47 ], Power [ 48 ], Esturk and Ören [ 49 ], Smith et al [ 50 ], and Sonnino et al [ 51 ], among others, demonstrated the likelihood of diets’ diversity and nutrient value to degrade with income inequality, while Elbushra and Ahmed [ 52 ], Ritchie et al [ 53 ], and Thome et al [ 54 ] found cointegration between economic parameters and food supply to be rather weak. According to the FAO [ 3 ], a key reason for growing food insecurity in developing countries is that many people cannot afford the increasing cost of healthy diets.…”

Section: Theoretical Framework and Hypothesesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Supply of Calories, Proteins, and Fats in Low-Income Countries: A Four-Decade Retrospective Study

Erokhin

Tianming

et al. 2021

IJERPH

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Over the past decades, both the quantity and quality of food supply for millions of people have improved substantially in the course of economic growth across the developing world. However, the number of undernourished people has resumed growth in the 2010s amid food supply disruptions, economic slowdowns, and protectionist restrictions to agricultural trade. Having been common to most nations, these challenges to the food security status of the population still vary depending on the level of economic development and national income of individual countries. In order to explore the long-run determinants of food supply transformations, this study employs five-stage multiple regression analysis to identify the strengths and directions of effects of agricultural production parameters, income level, price indices, food trade, and currency exchange on supply of calories, proteins, and fats across 11 groups of agricultural products in 1980–2018. To address the diversity of effects across developing nations, the study includes 99 countries of Asia, Europe, Latin America, the Middle East, and Africa categorized as low-income, lower-middle-income, and upper-middle-income economies. It is found that in low-income countries, food supply parameters are more strongly affected by production factors compared to economic and trade variables. The effect of economic factors on the food supply of higher-value food products, such as meat and dairy products, fruit, and vegetables, increases with the rise in the level of income, but it stays marginal for staples in all three groups of countries. The influence of trade factors on food supply is stronger compared to production and economic parameters in import-dependent economies irrelevant of the gross national income per capita. The approach presented in this paper contributes to the research on how food supply patterns and their determinants evolve in the course of economic transformations in low-income countries.

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Assessing Food Security in Ethiopia

Cited by 8 publications

References 5 publications

Impacts of COVID-19 on Trade and Economic Aspects of Food Security: Evidence from 45 Developing Countries

Impacts of COVID-19 on Trade and Economic Aspects of Food Security: Evidence from 45 Developing Countries

Spatial variation and determinates of dietary diversity among children aged 6–23 months in Ethiopia: spatial and multilevel analysis using Ethiopian Demography Health Survey (EDHS) 2019

The Supply of Calories, Proteins, and Fats in Low-Income Countries: A Four-Decade Retrospective Study

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