Assessing Gammapapillomavirus infections of mucosal epithelia with two broad-spectrum PCR protocols

Bolatti, Elisa Maria; Hošnjak, Lea; Chouhy, Diego; Casal, Pablo E.; Re-Louhau, Maria F.; Bottai, Hebe; Komloš, Kristina Fujs; Poljak, Mario; Giri, Adriana A.

doi:10.1186/s12879-020-4893-3

Cited by 8 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…In this study, we analyzed the presence of a broad spectrum of HPV types in anal swabs from HIV-negative and HIV-positive MSM and HIV-negative MSW. In agreement with previous studies, [20][21][22][23] our results revealed the presence of a large number of alpha, beta, and gamma types in all groups, further supporting the concept that beta and gamma HPV types have the ability to infect both cutaneous and mucosal epithelia. Hampras et al reported that HPV types of the beta-3 species were more likely to infect the anal mucosa compared with other anatomical sites, such as oral mucosa or skin epithelia.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

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Diversity of human papillomavirus in the anal canal of HIV-positive and HIV-negative men

Galati

Brancaccio

Gupta

et al. 2021

Journal of Infection

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Background: To characterize the HPV diversity in the anal mucosa of men with different sexual behavior and HIV status by next-generation sequencing (NGS). Methods: Anal swabs from HIV-positive ( n = 94; mean age, 38 years) and HIV-negative ( n = 100; mean age, 37.5 years) men who have sex with men (MSM) and HIV-negative men (predominantly men who have sex with women, MSW) ( n = 99; mean age, 38.2 years) were analyzed by broad-spectrum PCR protocols combined with NGS. Findings: Alpha HPV types ( n = 74) were detected mainly in the MSM groups (HPV6, 11, and 43 were the most abundant types) compared with MSW ( n = 16) (HPV11, 32, and 87 were among the most abundant). In contrast, beta HPVs were more abundantly detected among MSW ( n = 45) than in the HIVpositive ( n = 16) and HIV-negative ( n = 26) MSM groups. Gamma HPVs were detected almost equally in HIV-positive MSM ( n = 62), HIV-negative MSM ( n = 58), and MSW ( n = 57). In addition, 31 putative novel PV types were identified. Conclusions: Our data show that beta and gamma HPV types are present in the anal mucosa, thus reinforcing the existing evidence that they can be detected at anatomical sites other than skin. Alpha and beta HPV distribution among these three groups appears to vary according to sexual behavior.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

“…3 Moreover, Bolatti et al reported that gamma PVs may also display dual tissue tropism, being highly prevalent in anal mucosa. 21 Our data show that the abundance of the specific HPV genera appears to differ in the three groups of men. Indeed, alpha HPV types were more abundantly detected in MSM than in MSW.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 62%

Diversity of human papillomavirus in the anal canal of HIV-positive and HIV-negative men

Galati

Brancaccio

Gupta

et al. 2021

Journal of Infection

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“…Oral infection by gamma HPVs appears to be less common, with a prevalence ranging from 3% to 11% [ 5 , 7 ]. A recent study confirmed the presence of these genotypes in oral swabs using broad-spectrum primer systems [ 9 ]. Although frequency of HPV oral infection in this study was low, especially compared to other mucosal sites, and alpha HPVs were the most frequent types detected in oral swabs, beta and gamma HPVs were also found.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 87%

Oral Infection by Mucosal and Cutaneous Human Papillomaviruses in the Men Who Have Sex with Men from the OHMAR Study

Gheit

Rollo

Brancaccio

et al. 2020

Viruses

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Both mucosal and cutaneous Human Papillomaviruses (HPVs) can be detected in the oral cavity, but investigations regarding the epidemiology of cutaneous HPVs at this site are scarce. We assessed mucosal (alpha) and cutaneous (beta and gamma) HPV infection in oral samples of HIV-infected and uninfected men who have sex with men (MSM). Oral rinse-and-gargles were collected from 310 MSM. Alpha HPVs were detected using the Linear Array, whereas beta and gamma HPVs were detected using multiplex PCR and Luminex technology. An amplicon-based next-generation sequencing (NGS) protocol was applied to a subset of samples collected from 30 HIV-uninfected and 30 HIV-infected MSM. Beta HPVs were significantly more common than alpha types (53.8% vs. 23.9% for HIV-infected subjects, p < 0.0001; 50.3% vs. 17.1% for HIV-uninfected subjects, p < 0.0001). Gamma HPVs were also frequently detected (30.8% and 25.9% in HIV-infected and uninfected MSM, respectively). NGS produced 2,620,725 reads representative of 146 known HPVs (16 alpha-PVs, 53 beta-PVs, 76 gamma-PVs, one unclassified) and eight putative new HPVs, taxonomically assigned to the beta genus. The oral cavity contains a wide spectrum of HPVs, with beta types representing the predominant genus. The prevalence of beta and gamma HPVs is high even in immunorestored HIV-infected individuals. NGS confirmed the abundance of cutaneous HPVs and identified some putative novel beta HPVs. This study confirms that cutaneous HPVs are frequently present at mucosal sites and highlights that their pathological role deserves further investigation since it may not be limited to skin lesions.

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“…Gamma-PVs have an extremely broad tissue tropism, infecting both cutaneous as well as mucosal and mucocutaneous epithelium, and have so far been identified in various clinical samples, including benign and malignant cutaneous neoplasms, and clinically normal skin, the oral cavity, the nasopharnx, and the anogenital area (penis, cervix, and anal canal) [7,16,26,33,34]. Similarly, the presence of the phylogenetically closest HPV179 relatives (HPV135 and HPV146) has been detected in several samples from the oral and nasal cavities, vaginal mucosa, anogenital warts, and histologically normal skin [4,6,12,13,15,27,Chen et al unpublished data].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Even though HPVs are etiologically associated with the development of several benign and malignant neoplasms of the skin and mucosa, the majority of HPV infections are transient and/ or do not cause any apparent lesions or disease [1,3]. Accordingly, Gamma-PVs have frequently been detected in histologically normal skin [4][5][6][7][8][9][10] in several mucosal anatomical sites, including oral, nasal, and cervical mucosa [11][12][13][14], and in the mucocutaneous epithelium of the penis and anal canal [15,16]. In addition, their presence has also been demonstrated in Alpha-PV-negative anogenital warts [17,18] and cervical intraepithelial lesions [11,[19][20][21][22].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The genetic diversity of human papillomavirus types from the species Gammapapillomavirus 15: HPV135, HPV146, and HPV179

Hošnjak

Kocjan

Pirš³

et al. 2021

PLoS ONE

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Objectives To determine the prevalence, viral load, tissue tropism, and genetic variability of novel human papillomavirus (HPV) type 179, which is etiologically associated with sporadic cases of common warts in immunocompromised patients, and phylogenetically related HPV types 135 and 146. Methods The representative collection of 850 HPV-associated clinical samples (oral/nasopharyngeal/anal, archival specimens of oral/oropharyngeal/conjunctival/cervical/skin cancer, benign lesions of the larynx/conjunctiva/skin, and eyebrows), obtained from immunocompetent individuals, was tested for the presence of HPV179, HPV135, and HPV146 using type-specific real-time PCRs. To assess the genetic diversity of the HPVs investigated in the non-coding long control region (LCR), several highly sensitive nested PCR protocols were developed for each HPV type. The genetic diversity of HPV179 was additionally determined in 12 HPV179 isolates from different anatomical sites of an only immunocompromised patient included in the study. Results HPV179, HPV135, and HPV146 were detected in 1.4, 2.0, and 1.5% of the samples tested, respectively, with no preference for cutaneous or mucosal epithelial cells. One (with five single nucleotide polymorphisms; SNPs), four (with one to six SNPs), and four (with one to eight SNPs) genetic variants of HPV179, HPV135, and HPV146, respectively, were identified among eligible samples. HPV179 isolates from the immunocompromised patient exhibited the identical LCR nucleotide sequence, suggesting that HPV179 can cause generalized HPV infections. Conclusions HPV179, HPV135, and HPV146 have a mucocutaneous tissue tropism and are associated with sporadic infections in immunocompromised and immunocompetent individuals. Because the majority of mutations were found outside the major functional domains of the respective LCRs, we assume that HPV179, HPV135, and HPV146 genetic variants pathogenically do not differ from their prototypes. In addition, no association was found between specific HPV179, HPV135, and HPV146 genetic variants and anatomical sites of infection and/or specific neoplasms.

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Assessing Gammapapillomavirus infections of mucosal epithelia with two broad-spectrum PCR protocols

Cited by 8 publications

References 51 publications

Diversity of human papillomavirus in the anal canal of HIV-positive and HIV-negative men

Diversity of human papillomavirus in the anal canal of HIV-positive and HIV-negative men

Oral Infection by Mucosal and Cutaneous Human Papillomaviruses in the Men Who Have Sex with Men from the OHMAR Study

The genetic diversity of human papillomavirus types from the species Gammapapillomavirus 15: HPV135, HPV146, and HPV179

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