Assessing general versus specific liability for externalizing problems in adolescence: Concurrent and prospective prediction of symptoms of conduct disorder, ADHD, and substance use.

Perkins, Emily R.; Joyner, Keanan J.; Foell, Jens; Drislane, Laura E.; Brislin, Sarah J.; Frick, Paul J.; Yancey, James R.; Soto, Elia F.; Ganley, Colleen M.; Keel, Pamela K.; Sica, Claudio; Flor, Herta; Nees, Frauke; Banaschewski, Tobias; Bokde, Arun L.W.; Desrivières, Sylvane; Grigis, Antoine; Garavan, Hugh; Gowland, Penny A.; Heinz, Andreas; Ittermann, Bernd; Martinot, Jean‐Luc; Martinot, Marie Laure Paillère; Artiges, Éric; Papadopoulos, Dimitri; Poustka, Luise; Hohmann, Sarah; Fröhner, Juliane H.; Smolka, Michael N.; Walter, Henrik; Whelan, Robert; Schumann, Günter; Consortium, The IMAGEN; Patrick, Christopher J.

doi:10.1037/abn0000743

Cited by 7 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 95 publications

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“…Path analyses that evaluated the role of the triarchic traits in HR’s negative association with externalizing problems revealed a significant contribution for disinhibition, but not boldness. These results accord with evidence indicating that externalizing problems, broadly conceived, are robustly associated with both impulsive-disinhibitory and callous-aggressive proclivities (e.g., Perkins et al, in press; Venables & Patrick, 2012), but not boldness (Patrick, Kramer, et al, 2019; Venables et al, 2018; see also Miller & Lynam, 2012). However, our finding that disinhibition fully accounted for the association between low resting HR and broad externalizing reported previously by Latvala et al (2016) and Kendler et al (2020) is new.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

Role of Triarchic Traits in Relations of Early Resting Heart Rate With Antisocial Behavior and Broad Psychopathology Dimensions in Later Life

Bertoldi

Tuvblad

Joyner

et al. 2022

Clinical Psychological Science

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Low resting heart rate (HR) is a known risk indicator for the development of antisocial behavior (ASB) and other clinical problems. Stimulation seeking and fearlessness have been explored as factors underlying the HR/ASB relationship, but these have often been conflated, which has complicated interpretation. We examined HR’s associations with ASB and other outcomes in terms of biobehavioral traits described by the triarchic model of psychopathy using data ( N = 710) from a longitudinal study of ASB risk. Low resting HR in childhood was related to adult ASB, and covariance between ASB and traits of disinhibition and boldness largely accounted for this association. In addition, low childhood HR was related to greater externalizing problems and fewer internalizing problems in adulthood; disinhibition accounted for the former association, and boldness accounted for the latter. Findings indicate a role for both disinhibition and boldness in associations between early HR and later clinical outcomes and have implications for theory and practice.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

Role of Triarchic Traits in Relations of Early Resting Heart Rate With Antisocial Behavior and Broad Psychopathology Dimensions in Later Life

Bertoldi

Tuvblad

Joyner

et al. 2022

Clinical Psychological Science

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“…The PEAR study has several limitations. First, while we focus on CU traits, other risk factors for DBD include disinhibition125 126 and executive function difficulties 127 128. We include measures to assess these constructs (table 2).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Promoting Empathy and Affiliation in Relationships (PEAR) study: protocol for a longitudinal study investigating the development of early childhood callous-unemotional traits

Wagner,

Perkins,

Rodriguez

et al. 2023

BMJ Open

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IntroductionChildren with callous-unemotional (CU) traits are at high lifetime risk of antisocial behaviour. Low affiliation (ie, social bonding difficulties) and fearlessness (ie, low threat sensitivity) are proposed risk factors for CU traits. Parenting practices (eg, harshness and low warmth) also predict risk for CU traits. However, few studies in early childhood have identified attentional or physiological markers of low affiliation and fearlessness. Moreover, no studies have tested whether parenting practices are underpinned by low affiliation or fearlessness shared by parents, which could further shape parent–child interactions and exacerbate risk for CU traits. Addressing these questions will inform knowledge of how CU traits develop and isolate novel parent and child targets for future specialised treatments for CU traits.Methods and analysisThe Promoting Empathy and Affiliation in Relationships (PEAR) study aims to establish risk factors for CU traits in children aged 3–6 years. The PEAR study will recruit 500 parent–child dyads from two metropolitan areas of the USA. Parents and children will complete questionnaires, computer tasks and observational assessments, alongside collection of eye-tracking and physiological data, when children are aged 3–4 (time 1) and 5–6 (time 2) years. The moderating roles of child sex, race and ethnicity, family and neighbourhood disadvantage, and parental psychopathology will also be assessed. Study aims will be addressed using structural equation modelling, which will allow for flexible characterisation of low affiliation, fearlessness and parenting practices as risk factors for CU traits across multiple domains.Ethics and disseminationEthical approval was granted by Boston University (#6158E) and the University of Pennsylvania (#850638). Results will be disseminated through conferences and open-access publications. All study and task materials will be made freely available on lab websites and through the Open Science Framework (OSF).

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“…Early temperament traits, theorized to reflect basic neurobehavioral propensities (e.g., Buss & Plomin, 1975;Rothbart, 1989), are increasingly recognized as significant factors for understanding the developmental trajectories of childhood psychopathology (for discussion, see Perkins et al, 2020). The neurobehavioral trait constructs of the triarchic model (Patrick et al, 2009Patrick, 2022) have shown promise for elucidating both adaptive and maladaptive trajectories involving externalizing forms of psychopathology, including substance use problems, antisocial behavior, and ADHD (Bertoldi et al, 2022;Bertoldi et al, 2023;Palumbo et al, 2021;Patrick, 2022;Perkins et al, 2022). The triarchic model traits are boldness, reflecting social dominance, emotional resiliency, and venturesomeness; meanness, entailing aggressive resource seeking without regard for others; and disinhibition, involving deficient restraint and general proneness to impulse control problems (Patrick et al, 2009).…”

Section: Triarchic Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Disinhibition and meanness are the two dimensions of the triarchic model that have been studied most in relation to ADHD. Disinhibition is associated cross-sectionally with attention problems, a diagnosis of ADHD, and ADHD-related impairment (Palumbo et al, 2021;Perkins et al, 2022). Although disinhibition shares conceptual overlap with ADHD symptoms and ADHD is often seen as the earliest manifestation of disinhibitory tendencies (Beauchaine et al, 2017), empirical evidence indicates that this trait is best viewed as a risk factor (liability) for the development of ADHD symptoms (i.e., vulnerability hypothesis) rather than as a component of the disorder itself (i.e., continuum hypothesis; Gagne & Hill Goldsmith, 2011;Wichstrøm et al, 2019).…”

Section: Triarchic Traits In Adhd and Related Functional Outcomesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Triarchic traits as risk versus protective factors for ADHD symptomatology: A prospective longitudinal investigation

Chan,

Perkins,

Bertoldi

et al. 2024

Dev Psychopathol

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Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms are associated with myriad adverse outcomes, including interpersonal difficulties, but factors that moderate the developmental course and functional impact of ADHD over time are not well understood. The present study evaluated developmental contributions of the triarchic neurobehavioral traits (boldness, meanness, and disinhibition) to ADHD symptomatology and its subdimensions from adolescence to young adulthood. Participants were twins and triplets assessed at ages 14, 17, and 19 (initial N = 1,185, 51.2% female). Path analyses using negative binomial regression revealed that boldness at age 14 was associated with more ADHD symptoms cross-sectionally (especially hyperactivity/impulsivity), but fewer symptoms (especially inattention) at age 19 in the prospective analysis. Notably, inclusion of interpersonal problems at ages 14 and 17 as covariates reduced the latter effect to nonsignificant. Disinhibition concurrently and prospectively predicted higher levels of ADHD symptoms, including both subdimensions, and the prospective effects were partially mediated by greater social impairment at age 17. Meanness prospectively (but not concurrently) predicted higher levels of hyperactivity/impulsivity symptoms. Sex moderated certain associations of meanness and disinhibition with ADHD symptoms. These findings highlight how fundamental neurobehavioral traits shape both psychopathology and adaptive outcomes in the developmental course of ADHD.

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Assessing general versus specific liability for externalizing problems in adolescence: Concurrent and prospective prediction of symptoms of conduct disorder, ADHD, and substance use.

Cited by 7 publications

References 95 publications

Role of Triarchic Traits in Relations of Early Resting Heart Rate With Antisocial Behavior and Broad Psychopathology Dimensions in Later Life

Role of Triarchic Traits in Relations of Early Resting Heart Rate With Antisocial Behavior and Broad Psychopathology Dimensions in Later Life

Promoting Empathy and Affiliation in Relationships (PEAR) study: protocol for a longitudinal study investigating the development of early childhood callous-unemotional traits

Triarchic traits as risk versus protective factors for ADHD symptomatology: A prospective longitudinal investigation

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