Assessing Interpretation Biases in Emotional Psychopathology: An Overview

Würtz, Felix; Sánchez-López, Álvaro

doi:10.1007/978-3-031-23650-1_3

Cited by 3 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 79 publications

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“…However, different interpretation bias measures might also assess partially different rather than the same processes because interpretation biases occur at different levels of processing, ranging from relatively fast and automatic to more conscious and subjective evaluations of social information. Relatedly, interpretation bias measures differ in their degree of explicitness (Chen et al, 2020;Würtz & Sanchez-Lopez, 2023). Due to these differences, it is possible that there is variation in the strength of associations between the measures.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The difference in time it takes individuals to solve negative versus positive fragments quantifies their interpretation bias. The Probe Scenario Task assesses implicit and automatic processes as it does not ask participants to explicitly interpret social situations (Würtz & Sanchez-Lopez, 2023). While it is used regularly in research (e.g., Salemink et al, 2007aSalemink et al, , 2007bSalemink et al, , 2014, its psychometric properties have not been evaluated.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Often, the SST involves a cognitive load to yield more automatic responses. The interpretive processes investigated with the SST can be considered in the middle of a continuum from implicit and automatic to explicit and reflective measures (Würtz & Sanchez-Lopez, 2023). The SST generally shows good reliability and correlations with psychopathological symptoms (e.g., a meta-analysis yielded reliability and correlation estimates of α = .79 and r = .46, respectively; Würtz et al, 2022).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Reliability and validity of four cognitive interpretation bias measures in the context of social anxiety

Duken,

Moriya,

Hirsch

et al. 2024

Preprint

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People with social anxiety disorder tend to interpret ambiguous social information in a negative rather than positive manner. Such interpretation biases may cause and maintain anxiety symptoms. However, there is considerable variability in the observed effects across studies, with some not finding a relationship between interpretation biases and social anxiety. Poor psychometric properties of interpretation bias measures may explain such inconsistent findings. We evaluated the internal consistency, test-retest reliability, convergent validity, and concurrent validity of four interpretation bias measures, ranging from more implicit and automatic to more explicit and reflective: the Probe Scenario Task, the Recognition Task, the Scrambled Sentences Task, and the Interpretation and Judgmental Bias Questionnaire. Young adults (N = 94) completed interpretation bias measures in two sessions separated by one week. Psychometric properties of the Probe Scenario and Recognition Task were not acceptable. The reliability of the Scrambled Sentences Task and the Interpretation and Judgemental Bias Questionnaire was good, and they correlated highly with social anxiety and each other supporting their concurrent and convergent validity. We discuss likely reasons for poor psychometric properties of some tasks and suggest potential solutions to improve the assessment of implicit and automatic biases in social anxiety in future research.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Reliability and validity of four cognitive interpretation bias measures in the context of social anxiety

Duken,

Moriya,

Hirsch

et al. 2024

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Negative interpretation bias, or the tendency to negatively interpret ambiguous information, has emerged as an important predictor of depressive symptoms in adolescence (Everaert, Podina, et al, 2017;Platt et al, 2017). Empirical work using various interpretation bias paradigms with different types of ambiguous stimuli (e.g., words, scenarios, faces; Orchard et al, 2016;Platt et al, 2017;Sfärlea et al, 2020;Würtz & Sanchez-Lopez, 2023) largely supports this hypothesized pathway. Indeed, one meta-analysis described a medium effect of interpretation bias on depressive symptoms (Everaert, Podina, et al, 2017).…”

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confidence: 96%

Do markers of daily affect mediate associations between interpretation bias and depressive symptoms? A longitudinal study of early adolescents

Grocott

Battaglini

Jopling

et al. 2023

Journal of Adolescence

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IntroductionEarly adolescence represents a time of heightened vulnerability for depression. Negative interpretation biases have been associated with increases in depressive symptoms during this developmental period; however, the mechanisms underlying the association between interpretation biases and depression remain poorly understood. Cognitive theories posit that interpretation biases give rise to depression by modulating daily affect, particularly in the context of stress. However, this has not yet been directly examined. The present study tested affect intensity and instability as mechanisms linking negative interpretation biases with change in adolescent depressive symptoms.MethodsNinety‐four adolescents (aged 11–13 years; 51% boys) from Vancouver, Canada, were recruited for this longitudinal study. At baseline (Time 1), participants self‐reported depressive symptoms and completed the Scrambled Sentences Task to assess negative interpretation biases. Next, participants completed daily diaries to assess positive affect (PA) and negative affect (NA) during a naturalistic stressor—the first 2 weeks of high school (Time 2). Finally, participants self‐reported depressive symptoms 3 months later (Time 3). Path models were conducted to test whether PA and NA intensity and instability mediated prospective associations between negative interpretation biases and depressive symptom changes.ResultsAlthough NA intensity, NA instability, and PA instability predicted increases in depressive symptoms, only NA intensity mediated associations between interpretation biases and symptom changes. Neither PA intensity nor instability mediated these associations.ConclusionsElevated daily NA represents a specific mechanism through which stronger negative interpretation biases predict increases in depressive symptoms in adolescence.

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Evaluating the Reliability of the Word-Sentence Association Paradigm (WSAP) as an Interpretation bias Assessment across Ethnoracial Groups

Ferguson,

George,

et al. 2024

Cogn Ther Res

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Assessing Interpretation Biases in Emotional Psychopathology: An Overview

Cited by 3 publications

References 79 publications

Reliability and validity of four cognitive interpretation bias measures in the context of social anxiety

Reliability and validity of four cognitive interpretation bias measures in the context of social anxiety

Do markers of daily affect mediate associations between interpretation bias and depressive symptoms? A longitudinal study of early adolescents

Evaluating the Reliability of the Word-Sentence Association Paradigm (WSAP) as an Interpretation bias Assessment across Ethnoracial Groups

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