Assessing introduction risk using species’ rank-abundance distributions

Chan, Farrah T.; Bradie, Johanna; Briski, Elizabeta; Bailey, Sarah A.; Simard, Nathalie; MacIsaac, Hugh J.

doi:10.1098/rspb.2014.1517

Cited by 16 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…Chan et al . () also reported increases in species richness and abundance following ballast water exchange during transoceanic voyages.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 85%

“…; Chan et al . ), and statistical associations (Chan et al . ), have previously demonstrated that increasing voyage durations tend to reduce zooplankton density and richness.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…David & Perkovič ; Chan, MacIsaac & Bailey ; Chan et al . ). From sample data, direct measures of biotic composition and propagule pressure can be obtained providing information directly related to establishment and invasion processes (Lockwood, Cassey & Blackburn ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

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Biological introduction risks from shipping in a warming Arctic

Ware

Berge

Jelmert

et al. 2015

Journal of Applied Ecology

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Summary1. Several decades of research on invasive marine species have yielded a broad understanding of the nature of species invasion mechanisms and associated threats globally. However, this is not true of the Arctic, a region where ongoing climatic changes may promote species invasion. Here, we evaluated risks associated with non-indigenous propagule loads discharged with ships' ballast water to the high-Arctic archipelago, Svalbard, as a case study for the wider Arctic. 2. We sampled and identified transferred propagules using traditional and DNA barcoding techniques. We then assessed the suitability of the Svalbard coast for non-indigenous species under contemporary and future climate scenarios using ecophysiological models based on critical temperature and salinity reproductive thresholds. 3. Ships discharging ballast water in Svalbard carried high densities of zooplankton (mean 1522 AE 335 SE individuals m À3 ), predominately comprised of indigenous species. Ballast water exchange did not prevent non-indigenous species introduction. Non-indigenous coastal species were present in all except one of 16 ballast water samples (mean 144 AE 67 SE individuals m À3 ), despite five of the eight ships exchanging ballast water en route.4. Of a total of 73 taxa, 36 species including 23 non-indigenous species were identified. Of those 23, sufficient data permitted evaluation of the current and future colonization potential for eight widely known invaders. With the exception of one of these species, modelled suitability indicated that the coast of Svalbard is unsuitable presently; under the 2100 Representative Concentration Pathway (RCP) 8Á5 climate scenario, however, modelled suitability will favour colonization for six species. 5. Synthesis and applications. We show that current ballast water management practices do not prevent non-indigenous species from being transferred to the Arctic. Consequences of these shortcomings will be shipping-route dependent, but will likely magnify over time: our models indicate future conditions will favour the colonization of non-indigenous species Arctic-wide. Invasion threats will be greatest where shipping transfers organisms across biogeo- 2016, 53, 340-349 doi: 10.1111/1365-2664.12566 graphic realms, and for these shipping routes ballast water treatment technologies may be required to prevent impacts. Our results also highlight critical gaps in our understanding of ballast water management efficacy and prioritization. Thereby, our study provides an agenda for research and policy development. Journal of Applied Ecology

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“…Chan et al . () also reported increases in species richness and abundance following ballast water exchange during transoceanic voyages.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 85%

“…; Chan et al . ), and statistical associations (Chan et al . ), have previously demonstrated that increasing voyage durations tend to reduce zooplankton density and richness.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Biological introduction risks from shipping in a warming Arctic

Ware

Berge

Jelmert

et al. 2015

Journal of Applied Ecology

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“…Gregory 2009; Sylvester et al 2011; Briski et al 2013; Fowler et al 2016). In general, only a fraction of individuals and species survive transport and are introduced to a new location (Lockwood et al 2009; Briski et al 2014; Chan et al 2015a). This is because conditions during the transport process are usually hostile; for instance, physical disturbance and fluctuations in environmental conditions during transport may selectively affect survivorship of entrained organisms (Coutts et al 2010a; Clarke Murray et al 2012; Briski et al 2014).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This is because conditions during the transport process are usually hostile; for instance, physical disturbance and fluctuations in environmental conditions during transport may selectively affect survivorship of entrained organisms (Coutts et al 2010a; Clarke Murray et al 2012; Briski et al 2014). Therefore, examining the fate of organisms and how assemblage structure varies during transport can provide insights into the introduction potential associated with multispecies vectors (Briski et al 2014; Chan et al 2015a). …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Survival of ship biofouling assemblages during and after voyages to the Canadian Arctic

2016

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Human-mediated vectors often inadvertently translocate species assemblages to new environments. Examining the dynamics of entrained species assemblages during transport can provide insights into the introduction risk associated with these vectors. Ship biofouling is a major transport vector of nonindigenous species in coastal ecosystems globally, yet its magnitude in the Arctic is poorly understood. To determine whether biofouling organisms on ships can survive passages in Arctic waters, we examined how biofouling assemblage structure changed before, during, and after eight round-trip military voyages from temperate to Arctic ports in Canada. Species richness first decreased (~70% loss) and then recovered (~27% loss compared to the original assemblages), as ships travelled to and from the Arctic, respectively, whereas total abundance typically declined over time (~55% total loss). Biofouling community structure differed significantly before and during Arctic transits as well as between those sampled during and after voyages. Assemblage structure varied across different parts of the hull; however, temporal changes were independent of hull location, suggesting that niche areas did not provide protection for biofouling organisms against adverse conditions in the Arctic. Biofouling algae appear to be more tolerant of transport conditions during Arctic voyages than are mobile, sessile, and sedentary invertebrates. Our results suggest that biofouling assemblages on ships generally have poor survivorship during Arctic voyages. Nonetheless, some potential for transporting nonindigenous species to the Arctic via ship biofouling remains, as at least six taxa new to the Canadian Arctic, including a nonindigenous cirripede, appeared to have survived transits from temperate to Arctic ports.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s00227-016-3029-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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Beyond propagule pressure: importance of selection during the transport stage of biological invasions

Briski

Chan

Darling

et al. 2018

Frontiers in Ecol & Environ

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Biological invasions are largely considered to be a “numbers game”, wherein the larger the introduction effort, the greater the probability that an introduced population will become established. However, conditions during transport – an early stage of the invasion – can be particularly harsh, thereby greatly reducing the size of a population available to establish in a new region. Some successful non‐indigenous species are more tolerant of environmental and anthropogenic stressors than related native species, possibly stemming from selection (ie survival of only pre‐adapted individuals for particular environmental conditions) during the invasion process. By reviewing current literature concerning population genetics and consequences of selection on population fitness, we propose that selection acting on transported populations can facilitate local adaptation, which may result in a greater likelihood of invasion than predicted by propagule pressure alone. Specifically, we suggest that detailed surveys should be conducted to determine interactions between molecular mechanisms and demographic factors, given that current management strategies may underestimate invasion risk.

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Assessing introduction risk using species’ rank-abundance distributions

Cited by 16 publications

References 19 publications

Biological introduction risks from shipping in a warming Arctic

Biological introduction risks from shipping in a warming Arctic

Survival of ship biofouling assemblages during and after voyages to the Canadian Arctic

Beyond propagule pressure: importance of selection during the transport stage of biological invasions

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