Assessing Lead Removal from Contaminated Water Using Solid Biomaterials: Charcoal, Coffee, Tea, Fishbone, and Caffeine

Abstract

<p class="MsoNormal"> <span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:Verdana;">Previous research has documented that solid biomaterials such as charcoal or waste coffee and tea have been used to remove heavy metals from contaminated aqueous solutions through adsorption. However, these studies used very low heavy metal concentrations between 10 to 100 ppm.</span><span lang="EN-US"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:Verdana;">Recently published research work reported that extracts of edible plants and fruits were able to effectively remove lead from contaminated aqueous solution. Th</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:Verdana;">is</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:Verdana;"> paper evaluates the ability of charcoal, un-brewed coffee and tea, fishbone, and caffeine to remove lead from contaminated aqueous solutions. The order of lead removal from 1300 ppm of lead solution is Charcoal (100%) > Tea (97%) > Coffee Ground (88%) > Instant Coffee (83.5%) > Coffee Bean (82%) > Fishbone (76%) > Caffeine (1.3%). These results clearly demonstrate that not all solid biomaterials can adsorb lead and that caffeine, a component of coffee and tea does not participate in the removal of lead from contaminated solutions. Furthermore, the results suggest that two possible processes may be involved in the reactions presented here: adsorption of lead by the solid substrates and precipitation of lead by the solubilized biochemical components of the substrates.</span> </p

Bioadsorption of Pb2+ and Cu2+ on Eucalyptus Camaldulensis Leaves

“…The cost advantage of this technology would guarantee a strong penetration of the large market of heavy metal polluting industries. Several studies have shown that non-living plant biomass materials are effective for the removal of trace metals from the environment [8]. Eucalyptus tree is one of the most widely distributed trees in most of arid and semiarid areas.…”

Biosorption and Chemical Precipitation of Lead Using Biomaterials, Molecular Sieves, and Chlorides, Carbonates, and Sulfates of Na &amp; Ca

“…This could be attributed in part to the fact that during the heating in the charring process, their tannin poly-phenols or phytochemical components decomposed, evaporated or denatured. This temperature effect on substrate's lead removal potential has been reported by Agwaramgbo et al [19,20].…”

“…Recent research studies have reported the use of biomaterials such as apatite [4,5,12], chitosan [13,14], rice hulls, dead biomass, crab shell, bark, coconut fiber [15], soil, fruits and vegetables, and fishbone [18][19][20][21], seed powder [22], and woodchar [23] in heavy metal remediation. Similarly, there is a growing research interest in the use of some micro-porous materials such as zeolites in heavy metal remediation [24][25][26][27][28].…”

An innovative method of extraction of coffee oil using an advanced microwave system: in comparison with conventional Soxhlet extraction method

“…The glycerides can be transesterified and then serve as a platform for biodiesel as well as commodity chemicals such as biolubricants, biosurfactants and biosolvents [8,11]. Remaining solids produced as a waste from the oil extraction process retain value and can be upgraded into carbonaceous material-an effective adsorbent with applications in water treatment, combustion product capture and dye removal [12][13][14][15][16][17]. Other applications for SCG include bioethanol production [18], fuel pellets for small wood/pellet burning heaters and use as soil treatment [19].…”