Assessing mantle versus crustal sources for non-volcanic degassing along fault zones in the actively extending southern Apennines mountain belt (Italy)

Ascione, Alessandra; Ciotoli, Giancarlo; Bigi, Sabina; Buscher, Jamie T.; Mazzoli, Stefano; Ruggiero, Livio; Sciarra, Alessandra; Tartarello, Maria Chiara; Valente, Ettore

doi:10.1130/b31869.1

Cited by 35 publications

(46 citation statements)

References 122 publications

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“…The first is located in a mountainous valley near the small town of Ailano, Italy, situated about 150 km SE of Rome. This site consists of numerous flat agricultural fields where deep-origin, geologically produced CO 2 is migrating towards the surface and leaking to the atmosphere from a large number of variably sized "gas vents" (Ascione et al, 2018). These gas vents, some of which are isolated while others overlap and merge, range in CO 2 flux rates that are slightly above the normal biological value of around 20 to over 5000 g m −2 d −1 , with average values typically less than 300 g m −2 d −1 .…”

Section: Study Sitesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Continuous EC measurements over a period of time (usually days to weeks) allow soil gas fluxes for a particular parcel of land (the EC footprint) to be derived from absolute gas concentrations, temperature, and vertical and horizontal wind flows (see for example, Eugster and Merbold, 2015). The EC footprint location and size are calculated through post-processing of the high-resolution data, averaged over longer time intervals (Aubinet et al, 2012). EC methods require a fully turbulent flux, where the majority of vertical movement is driven by eddies, and uniform, homogeneous terrain, where air density fluctuations and convergence/divergence are negligible (Lee et al, 2004).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Using near-surface atmospheric measurements as a proxy for quantifying field-scale soil gas flux

Barkwith

Beaubien

Barlow

et al. 2020

Geosci. Instrum. Method. Data Syst.

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Abstract. We present a new method for deriving surface soil gas flux at the field scale, which is less fieldwork intensive than traditional chamber techniques and less expensive than those derived from airborne or space surveys. The “open-field” technique uses aspects of chamber and micrometeorological methods combined with a mobile platform and GPS to rapidly derive soil gas fluxes at the field scale. There are several assumptions in using this method, which will be most accurate under stable atmospheric conditions with little horizontal wind flow. Results show that soil gas fluxes, when averaged across a field site, are highly comparable between the open-field method and traditional chamber acquisition techniques. Atmospheric dilution is found to reduce the range of flux values under the open-field method, when compared to chamber-derived results at the field scale. Under ideal atmospheric conditions it may be possible to use the open-field method to derive soil gas flux at an individual point; however this requires further investigation. The open-field method for deriving soil–atmosphere gas exchange at the field scale could be useful for a number of applications including quantification of leakage from CO2 geological storage sites, diffuse degassing in volcanic and geothermal areas, and greenhouse gas emissions, particularly when combined with traditional techniques.

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Section: Study Sitesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Using near-surface atmospheric measurements as a proxy for quantifying field-scale soil gas flux

Barkwith

Beaubien

Barlow

et al. 2020

Geosci. Instrum. Method. Data Syst.

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“…Individual seep CO 2 fluxes range from <1 to >2000 tonnes/day (t/d) [19], but 10-100 t/d is the most common [10,12]. Overall nonvolcanic diffuse regional CO 2 release from Central and Southern Italy is globally significant [20,21]. Studies find that seeping CO 2 may have a mixture of origins [9,20] but the largest component derives from deep degassing from a mantle contaminated with subducted crustal carbonates [9,[22][23][24].…”

Section: Geofluidsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Geospatial Statistics Elucidate Competing Geological Controls on Natural CO₂ Seeps in Italy

et al. 2019

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Site selection for the geological storage of CO2 for long timespans requires an understanding of the controls on containment, migration, and surface seepage of subsurface CO2 fluids. Evidence of natural CO2 migration from depth to the surface is documented at 270 sites from Italy, a prolific CO2 province. Previous studies indicate that CO2 delivery to and from buried structures that host CO2 accumulations is fault controlled but competing controls on the CO2 flow pathways affect the location and style of CO2 release. Here, we conduct a meta-analysis using a novel geospatial approach to statistically determine the relationship between the geological setting and structures and the CO2 seep spatial distribution and characteristics (morphological type, flux, and temperature) in Central Italy. We find that seep distribution differs on two spatial scales corresponding to the geological setting. On large scales (>5 km), seeps are isotropically distributed and align with regional structures such as anticlines, decollements, and extensional faults. On local scales (<5 km), seeps cluster and align with subsidiary geologic structures, including faults and lithological boundaries. The detailed location and flux of seeps within clusters are influenced by the regional structural domain: in the Tyrrhenian, seeps tend to be located along fault traces, whereas seeps are located as springs in the tip and ramp regions of fault scarps in the Apennines. Thus, our geospatial approach evidences, at a regional scale, how macrocrustal fluid flow is governed by deep extensional and compressional features but once CO2 reaches shallower structures, it evidences how smaller scale features and hydrogeological factors distribute the CO2 fluids in the near surface, dependent on the geological setting. This work not only demonstrates useful application of a novel geospatial approach to characterize competing crustal controls on CO2 flow at different scales but also informs the design of appropriate site characterization and surface monitoring programs at engineered carbon stores.

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“…high temperature) expressions. Over a third of the dataset comprises of CO2 seepage located in Italy (17 terrestrial, 2 marine, and 1 industrial analogue), which is a region of anomalous earth degassing [41,42]. 3.1.1.…”

Section: 1 Global Database Of Co2 Seepagementioning

confidence: 99%

What Have We Learnt About CO2 Leakage in the Context of Commercial-Scale CCS?

et al. 2018

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The viability of Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) depends on the reliable containment of injected CO2 in the subsurface. Robust and cost-effective approaches to measure monitor and verify CO2 containment are required to demonstrate that CO2 has not breached the reservoir, and to comply with CCS regulations. This includes capability to detect and quantify any potential leakage to surface. It is useful to consider the range of possible leak rates for potential CO2 leak pathways from an intended storage reservoir to surface to inform the design of effective monitoring approaches. However, in the absence of a portfolio of leakage from engineered CO2 stores we must instead learn from industrial and natural analogues, numerical models, and laboratory and field experiments that have intentionally released CO2 into the shallow subsurface to simulate a CO2 leak to surface. We collated a global dataset of measured or estimated CO2 flux (CO2 emission per unit area) and CO2 leak rate from industrial and natural analogues and field experiments. We then examined the dataset to compare emission and flux rates and seep style, and consider the measured emission rates in the context of commercial scale CCS operations. We find that natural and industrial analogues show very wide variation in the scale of CO2 emissions, and tend to be larger than leaks simulated by CO2 release experiments. For all analogue types (natural, industrial, or experiment) the emission rates show greater variation between sites than CO2 flux rates. Quantitation approaches are non-standardized, and that measuring and reporting both the CO2 flux and seep rate is rare as it remains challenging, particularly in marine environments. Finally, we observe that CO2 fluxes tend to be associated with particular emission characteristics (vent, diffuse, or water-associated). We propose that characteristics could inform the design and performance requirements for CO2 leak monitoring approaches tailored to detect specific emission styles.

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Assessing mantle versus crustal sources for non-volcanic degassing along fault zones in the actively extending southern Apennines mountain belt (Italy)

Cited by 35 publications

References 122 publications

Using near-surface atmospheric measurements as a proxy for quantifying field-scale soil gas flux

Using near-surface atmospheric measurements as a proxy for quantifying field-scale soil gas flux

Geospatial Statistics Elucidate Competing Geological Controls on Natural CO₂ Seeps in Italy

What Have We Learnt About CO2 Leakage in the Context of Commercial-Scale CCS?

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Assessing mantle versus crustal sources for non-volcanic degassing along fault zones in the actively extending southern Apennines mountain belt (Italy)

Cited by 35 publications

References 122 publications

Using near-surface atmospheric measurements as a proxy for quantifying field-scale soil gas flux

Using near-surface atmospheric measurements as a proxy for quantifying field-scale soil gas flux

Geospatial Statistics Elucidate Competing Geological Controls on Natural CO2 Seeps in Italy

What Have We Learnt About CO2 Leakage in the Context of Commercial-Scale CCS?

Contact Info

Product

Resources

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Geospatial Statistics Elucidate Competing Geological Controls on Natural CO₂ Seeps in Italy