“…Taken together, despite the growing body of research on multimodal writing, scholars still express a need for formal frameworks for discussing multimodal literacy practices and call for research on multimodality in education that develops a vocabulary to describe and analyze multimodal texts in teaching (Bearne, 2009;Edwards-Groves, 2011;Pantaleo, 2012a;Ryan, Scott, & Walsh, 2010;Yamada-Rice, 2010). Teachers need knowledge about different semiotic modes to cultivate, support, and assess students' multimodal writing and meaning-making (Bearne, 2009;Bearne & Wolstencroft, 2007;Grapin, 2018;Magnusson & Godhe, 2019;Tan, Zammit, D'warte, & Gearside, 2020). Based on a social semiotic view on multimodality and in-depth empirical analyses of students' multimodal texts, this study answers such calls in an attempt to provide a vocabulary of -i.e.…”