Assessing Muscular Strength in Youth: Usefulness of Standing Long Jump as a General Index of Muscular Fitness

Castro‐Piñero, José; Ortega, Francisco B.; Artero, Enrique G.; Girela-Rejón, María José; Mora, Jesús; Sjöstróm, Michael; Ruiz, Jonatan R.

doi:10.1519/jsc.0b013e3181ddb03d

Cited by 327 publications

(289 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…12,13 In brief, cardiorespiratory fitness was assessed by the 20-meter shuttle-run test, 14 and maximum oxygen consumption (VO 2max , mL/kg/min) was estimated by using the equation reported by Léger et al 14 Muscular fitness was assessed by means of the handgrip strength [15][16][17] and standing long-jump 16,18 tests. Speed-agility was assessed with the 4310-meter shuttlerun test.…”

Section: Physical Fitnessmentioning

confidence: 99%

Health Inequalities in Urban Adolescents: Role of Physical Activity, Diet, and Genetics

et al. 2014

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WHAT'S KNOWN ON THIS SUBJECT: Individuals living in Mediterranean countries have historically had a lower risk of cardiovascular disease. Important changes in diet and lifestyle have taken place in these countries in recent years, and it is unknown how these changes might influence current cardiovascular health. WHAT THIS STUDY ADDS:Fitness and fatness levels indicate that urban adolescents from southern Europe are less healthy than those from central northern Europe. The extent to which these differences might be explained by physical activity, diet, and genetics is analyzed and discussed in this article. abstract OBJECTIVE: Coordinated European projects relying on standardized methods are needed to identify health inequalities across Europe. This study aimed to compare fitness, fatness, and cardiometabolic risk between urban adolescents from the south and center-north of Europe and to explore whether physical activity (PA) and other factors might explain these differences. METHODS:The Healthy Lifestyle in Europe by Nutrition in Adolescence cross-sectional project comprised 3528 adolescents from the south (4 cities) and central-north (6 cities) of Europe, 1089 of whom provided blood samples for analysis. Fitness (strength, speed-agility, and cardiorespiratory fitness), total and abdominal fatness (anthropometry and bioelectrical impedance), and cardiometabolic risk (z scores including fitness, fatness, blood lipids, insulin resistance, and blood pressure) were assessed. The analyses were adjusted for socioeconomic factors, objectively measured PA (accelerometry), total energy intake and diet quality, and genetic variants of the FTO rs9939609 polymorphism. RESULTS:Adolescents from southern Europe were less fit and fatter according to all markers (P , .001). Differences in cardiometabolic risk scores were not consistent. Adolescents from the south were less active and this would largely explain the differences observed in speedagility and cardiorespiratory fitness. Differences in total and abdominal fatness could not be explained by PA, energy intake, diet quality, or FTO rs9939609 polymorphism.CONCLUSIONS: Fitness and fatness levels indicate that urban adolescents from the south are less healthy than those from centralnorthern Europe. Our data suggest that differences in PA might explain differences in important health-related fitness components, yet factors explaining the differences in fatness encountered remain unknown. Pediatrics 2014;133:e884-e895

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Section: Physical Fitnessmentioning

confidence: 99%

Health Inequalities in Urban Adolescents: Role of Physical Activity, Diet, and Genetics

et al. 2014

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“…Recently published researches in girls at the age of 6 -17 years also indicate a strong connection between the standing long jump and other tests for assessment of the strength abilities [20]. The standing long jump test is a very practical, time efficient and cheap method of assessing the muscular fitness in children and adolescents in school conditions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

First normative reference of standing long jump indicates gender difference in lower muscular strength of Macedonian school children

Gontarev¹,

Zivkovic²,

Veličkovska³

et al. 2014

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Background: This is the first study to publish the normative reference values for assessment of the level of muscular strength through the "standing long jump" test carried out on a large sample of Macedonian school children. The normative values encompass a wide span of years (6 -18). Methods: The research was realized in a large sample of 12618 school children at the age of 6 to 18 years from Macedonia. The sample was divided in 14 groups, according to chronological age and each age group was divided into two subgroups according to the criteria of gender. For estimation of the morphologic characteristics, the following anthropometric measures have been applied: body height in standing position (cm), body weight (kg), as well as the body mass index (BMI). Children aged 6 or above were invited to take a standing long jump test. Results: Boys show statistically better results in all age categories in the standing long jump test than girls, and these differences become bigger with the increase of age, especially after the 14th year (p < 0.000). Results from the linear regressive analysis show that the constants in predicting the standing long jump are similar both in boys and in girls. However, the age coefficient in boys is two times higher than that in girls. The Body Mass Index, as a factor, influences two times more in boys in predicting the standing long jump, which indicates that the body size in boys has bigger inverse impacts on the results of the standing long jump than that in girls. Conclusion: Normative reference values shall provide proper assessment and interpretation of the level of muscular strength of the Macedonian school children in terms of the age and gender, accurate detection of progress of an individual as well as undertaking preventive measures and level of intervention.

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“…A cross-sectional study of Brazilian students aged 7 -15 showed that the single SLJ could possibly reflect the overall fitness level indicated by other muscular tests such as the 1-minute curl-up, pull-up, ball throw, 9-minute run, 20-meter run and 4-meter shuttle run [5]. Recent studies of healthy Caucasian girls aged 6 -17 have also indicated a strong association between the SLJ and other lower-body muscular strength tests [6]. Indeed, SLJ tests can be practical, time-efficient and affordable methods for assessing muscular fitness in young children.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Normative reference of standing long jump indicates gender difference in lower muscular strength of pubertal growth

Chung

Chow²,

Chung³

2013

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Background: Although the standing long jump (SLJ) is a popular physical fitness assessment, it lacks an updated criterion-reference standard. This study generated the first normative SLJ test data for Chinese aged 8 -18. Methods: From September 2005 to December 2011, comprehensive physical fitness assessments were conducted on 12,712 school students. The SLJ performances were significantly different between boys and girls (all age groups, p < 0.01). Results: The boys performed better than the girls in each age group. The mean difference increased as the age increased, depicting a prominent variance in muscular strength between boys and girls at age 12, and the variances became larger at age 18. Girls in the 70th percenttile performed similarly to boys performing in the 10th percentile. The onset of muscle strength for boys found in this study corresponded to the onset age of testosterone maturation of Chinese boys investigated in previous studies. Linear regression found age and BMI predicting SLJ significantly for boys and girls, explaining better SLJ results in older boy and the effect of their heavy body size. Conclusions: This study indicated a muscular strength difference between genders during growth and added supporting evidence to the hormonal influence of muscle growth during puberty.

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Assessing Muscular Strength in Youth: Usefulness of Standing Long Jump as a General Index of Muscular Fitness

Cited by 327 publications

References 25 publications

Health Inequalities in Urban Adolescents: Role of Physical Activity, Diet, and Genetics

Health Inequalities in Urban Adolescents: Role of Physical Activity, Diet, and Genetics

First normative reference of standing long jump indicates gender difference in lower muscular strength of Macedonian school children

Normative reference of standing long jump indicates gender difference in lower muscular strength of pubertal growth

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