Assessing network vulnerability of heavy rail systems with the impact of partial node failures

Ye, Qian; Kim, Hyun

doi:10.1007/s11116-018-9859-6

Cited by 23 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…One concept important for assessing the impact of partial failure of a node is MT. According to Ye and Kim [4], mandatory transfer (MT) occurs when "a transfer station . .…”

Section: Partial Node Failure and Mandatory Transfer (Mt)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In network modeling, all-or-nothing scenarios are frequently simulated to assess how the removal of nodes or links might impact the network operation. However, the underlying assumption could provide too simplistic a perspective, because complete malfunction of a node is not likely to actually occur as a major event [4][5][6]. Partial failures, by contrast, usually take place more frequently than complete failures in the real world, as the former happen commonly in the course of daily operations, sometimes simply to serve administrative or maintenance purposes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The concept of partial failure has been addressed and applied to multiline networks, such as subway systems and light and heavy rail networks, which are characterized by a unique structure of sub-networks at transfer stations [1,4,11]. Seen from the perspective of traditional accessibility measures, the failure of a network component assumes total loss of function, that is not likely to occur in most network systems.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the case of transportation networks where multiple lines are connected at transfer stations or terminals, such as railway networks, the impact of partial failure might not cause complete malfunction of a transfer station, because passengers can take detours along their journey using available non-affected lines, although they may experience a degree of delay or increased travel times when taking alternative paths. Ye and Kim [4] applied the concept of partial node failure to the U.S. heavy rail systems, with the stations in the network playing the role of transfer points for multiple lines for passengers. In the context of heavy rail systems, partial node failure can be defined specifically as "the failure of a node that still allows traffic to bypass or go through, although the node cannot load, unload, or transfer passengers completely."…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Accordingly, assessing feasible scenarios for partial failures of selected critical stations and identifying the best alternative plans in an ad hoc manner is to be desired [13,14]. With a focus on measuring the impact of failures, Ye and Kim [4] demonstrated that a partial-node failure-based accessibility measure outperformed at precisely identifying node criticality through simulations compared with classical complete node failure-based measures.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Partial Node Failure in Shortest Path Network Problems

Kim

2019

Sustainability

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This paper investigates the impact of partial node failure from the perspective of shortest path network problems. We propose a network model that we call shortest path network problems for partial node failure, designed to examine the influence of partial node failures in a flow-based network using a set of indicators. The concept of partial node failure was applied to a special type of hub station, a mandatory transfer in subway or railway systems where multiple lines are arranged for the transfer of passengers. Numerical experiments were carried out on the Washington Metropolitan Area Transit Authority network (WMATA). The results or analysis detail how changes in flow distribution in the network were measured when a station partially failed, as well as ways of identifying heavily impacted stations with respect to different indicators. Various partial node failure scenarios were simulated for origin–destination (OD) flows by days, providing comprehensive information with which to evaluate plans for partial node failures, such as those related to scheduling maintenance, along with insights with which to make contingent plans for potential closure of stations. A major finding emphasizes that the rankings of station criticality are highly sensitive to the different OD flows by days when partial node failures are assumed in network modeling.

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“…One concept important for assessing the impact of partial failure of a node is MT. According to Ye and Kim [4], mandatory transfer (MT) occurs when "a transfer station . .…”

Section: Partial Node Failure and Mandatory Transfer (Mt)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Partial Node Failure in Shortest Path Network Problems

Kim

2019

Sustainability

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An integrated measure of accessibility and reliability of mass transit systems

Kim

Song

2018

Transportation

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A causal inference approach to measure the vulnerability of urban metro systems

et al. 2021

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Transit operators need vulnerability measures to understand the level of service degradation under disruptions. This paper contributes to the literature with a novel causal inference approach for estimating station-level vulnerability in metro systems. The empirical analysis is based on large-scale data on historical incidents and population-level passenger demand. This analysis thus obviates the need for assumptions made by previous studies on human behaviour and disruption scenarios. We develop four empirical vulnerability metrics based on the causal impact of disruptions on travel demand, average travel speed and passenger flow distribution. Specifically, the proposed metrics based on the irregularity in passenger flow distribution extends the scope of vulnerability measurement to the entire trip distribution, instead of just analysing the disruption impact on the entry or exit demand (that is, moments of the trip distribution). The unbiased estimates of disruption impact are obtained by adopting a propensity score matching method, which adjusts for the confounding biases caused by non-random occurrence of disruptions. An application of the proposed framework to the London Underground indicates that the vulnerability of a metro station depends on the location, topology, and other characteristics. We find that, in 2013, central London stations are more vulnerable in terms of travel demand loss. However, the loss of average travel speed and irregularity in relative passenger flows reveal that passengers from outer London stations suffer from longer individual delays due to lack of alternative routes.

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Assessing network vulnerability of heavy rail systems with the impact of partial node failures

Cited by 23 publications

References 29 publications

Partial Node Failure in Shortest Path Network Problems

Partial Node Failure in Shortest Path Network Problems

An integrated measure of accessibility and reliability of mass transit systems

A causal inference approach to measure the vulnerability of urban metro systems

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