Assessing nitrogen and phosphorus efficiency at farm and catchment scale using nutrient budgets

Domburg, P.; Edwards, Anthony C.; Sinclair, A. H.; Chalmers, Neil

doi:10.1002/1097-0010(200010)80:13<1946::aid-jsfa736>3.0.co;2-q

Cited by 42 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…Domburg [29] demonstrated higher P surpluses were linked to livestock farms mainly due to fertiliser inputs. Similarly, Edwards [30] published that higher P surpluses were associated with grassland farming systems ( Table 2).…”

Section: Assessment Methodssupporting

confidence: 84%

The Potential of P Loss from Livestock Farms to Watercourses in Wensleydale; A Risk Mapping Approach

G¹

2015

Forest Res

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Hydrologic, chemical and physical factors controlling P export from 10 livestock farms located in Wensleydale were considered in order to estimate the risk of P loss to surface waters in a Non Nitrate Vulnerable Zone (non NVZ). Phosphorus source factors were obtained from a farm investigation questionnaire as well as from soil analysis results. Transport factors were examined using a GIS as a tool to implement a predictive model of delivery of P to watercourses. The classification of grassland into different risk categories was carried out using the Pennsylvanian P Index in a GIS. Finally, this risk assessment has yielded that non NVZ areas can pose a risk of breaching the Water Framework Directive (WFD) objectives. A wide range of mechanisms including voluntary schemes are needed in order to reach good ecological status of freshwaters by 2015 in the UK.

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Section: Assessment Methodssupporting

confidence: 84%

The Potential of P Loss from Livestock Farms to Watercourses in Wensleydale; A Risk Mapping Approach

G¹

2015

Forest Res

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“…About 25% of dairy manure N is lost as NH 3 under current US practices (Pinder et al, 2004), contributing to the total annual NH 3 re-deposition rates of 23 to 40 kg of N per ha (Burkart and James, 1999). Studies that compared crop and livestock production indicated that the efficiency of N use for cereal production was 54%, whereas in the dairy system the efficiency of N use was only 28% (Domburg et al, 2000). Accordingly, the potential to increase the efficiency of N utilisation in the dairy industry is considerable.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of tannic acid application on alfalfa hay: in vitro rumen fermentation, serum metabolites and nitrogen balance in sheep

Getachew¹,

Pittroff

DePeters

et al. 2008

Animal

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Alfalfa protein is poorly utilised by ruminants due to its rapid degradation in rumen. The objective of the study was to assess the influence of spraying tannic acid (TA) on chopped alfalfa hay on in vitro rumen fermentation and nitrogen (N) retention by sheep. Alfalfa hay with and without TA was fed to sheep to determine nutrient digestibility and N balance. TA was sprayed on chopped alfalfa at three concentrations to determine its effect on in vitro fermentation of dry matter (DM) and N balance in sheep. Final TA concentrations were 0, 30, 60 and 90 g TA per kg DM. The control was sprayed with the same amount of water but without TA. In vitro DM degradation and the production of gas, ammonium-N (NH 4 -N) and short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) were measured. TA-sprayed alfalfa and the control were fed to sheep to determine nutrient digestibility and N retention. Addition of TA had no influence on the extent and rate of gas production but significantly decreased NH 4 -N concentration at 30 (P , 0.05), 60 and 90 (P , 0.0001) g/kg DM. Addition of polyethylene glycol (PEG) to TA-sprayed alfalfa increased NH 4 -N to a level comparable to non-TA-sprayed alfalfa. Spraying of alfalfa with TA significantly decreased (P , 0.05) isovalerate but did not affect the total and individual SCFA acid production. Tannic acid significantly (P , 0.05) reduced in vitro true degradability of DM (IVTD) after 24 h incubation at levels of 60 and 90 g TA per kg DM. Neutral-detergent fibre digestibility (dNDF) after 24 h (P , 0.01), 60 and 90 (P , 0.0001) g TA per kg DM. The effect of TA on either IVTD or dNDF was not significant (P . 0.05) after 48 h of incubation. There was a strong linear relationship between percentage increase in gas production due to PEG and protein precipitation capacity (R 2 5 0.94). N digestibility was significantly reduced with all three levels of TA additions. However, the proportion of urine-N to total N output was reduced by adding 60 g (P , 0.05) and 90 g (P , 0.01) TA per kg DM. Serum metabolites and liver enzymes were not affected by TA (P . 0.05). Higher faecal N as the TA level increased indicates incomplete dissociation of tannin-protein complexes post ruminally. Factors affecting dissociation of tannin-protein complexes need further study.

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“…Agriculture induced strong increases in nitrate content in stream water (ten times higher than in forested streams), because of the massive use of minerals and organic fertilizers for maize or other cereal cultures surrounding the streams (Liess et al 1999, Domburg et al 2000, Haggard et al 2001. The reduction of riparian vegetation and wetland certainly reduced the biotic uptake and denitrification in the river margin (Grimaldi & Chaplot 1999, Martin et al, 2004.…”

Section: Changes In Water Chemistry and Sediment Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of catchment disturbance on stream invertebrates: comparison of different habitats (vegetation, benthic and interstitial) using bio-ecological groups.

Sarriquet

Delettre

Marmonier

2006

Ann. Limnol. - Int. J. Lim.

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The intensification of agriculture has drastically modified the structure of rural landscapes, changing field size, destructing hedgerow networks, and increasing nutrients and fine sediments fluxes to rivers. To evaluate the effects of these disturbances at the catchment scale, we studied the surface and interstitial water chemistry and the invertebrate assemblages in three different habitats: the vegetation, the benthic, and the interstitial. Six headwater streams ranging from undisturbed to disturbed forests (wind-fallen area) and from traditional agriculture to intensive farming areas were studied. Differences between forested and agricultural streams lie in changes in water chemistry, in habitat quality, and in the composition of the assemblages with little reduction in species richness. The forested streams were only disturbed by large-scale modifications of their catchments (i.e. wind-fallen area along the stream), which made the invertebrate assemblages similar to those of agricultural streams, even if water characteristics were not modified. In contrast, large scale modifications of landscape structure near the agricultural streams (hedgerow removal) had little effect on the fauna, but the destruction of the riparian strip (with direct access of the cattle to the river) profoundly affected the system with drastic modifications of in-stream habitat quality and invertebrate assemblage composition. The effects of these disturbances differed according to the habitat considered, with increasing differences between assemblages from the interstitial, to the benthic, and to the vegetation habitats. Finally, groups of organisms based on bioecological traits appeared as efficient tools for the evaluation of catchment disturbances, at least for the benthic and the vegetation fauna.

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Assessing nitrogen and phosphorus efficiency at farm and catchment scale using nutrient budgets

Cited by 42 publications

References 16 publications

The Potential of P Loss from Livestock Farms to Watercourses in Wensleydale; A Risk Mapping Approach

The Potential of P Loss from Livestock Farms to Watercourses in Wensleydale; A Risk Mapping Approach

Influence of tannic acid application on alfalfa hay: in vitro rumen fermentation, serum metabolites and nitrogen balance in sheep

Effects of catchment disturbance on stream invertebrates: comparison of different habitats (vegetation, benthic and interstitial) using bio-ecological groups.

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