Assessing Parenting Behaviors across Racial Groups: Implications for the Child Welfare System

Berger, Lawrence M.; McDaniel, Marla; Paxson, Christina

doi:10.1086/454389

Cited by 36 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…The mother was asked how many times each type of behavior occurred in the past year. On the basis of past work, 25,26 responses were assigned a score (“0” for never or not in the past year, “1” for event occurred once, “2” for twice, “4” for 3–5 times, “8” for 6–10 times, “15” for 11–20 times, and “25” for more than 20 times) and we considered domain scores in the top 10th percentile as high-risk for maltreatment.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adverse Childhood Experiences and ADHD Diagnosis at Age 9 Years in a National Urban Sample

Jiménez

Wade

Schwartz-Soicher

et al. 2017

Academic Pediatrics

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Objective To examine associations between adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) at age 9 years using longitudinal data and assess the extent to which ACEs during middle childhood are independently associated with ADHD at age 9 years. Methods We conducted a secondary analysis of data from the Fragile Families urban birth cohort 5- and 9-year interviews. The sample was limited to children for whom mothers were the primary caregiver and mother-reported information on 8 ACEs and ADHD were available at age 5 and 9 years. We examined associations between ACEs and parent-reported ADHD at age 9 years using logistic regression and controlling for potential confounders. Results We included 1572 children; 48% were African American, 11% had parent-reported ADHD at age 9 years, 41% and 42% experienced ≥1 ACE by age 5 years and between the ages of 5 and 9 years, respectively. ACEs before age 5 years were associated with ADHD at age 9 years. One, 2, and ≥3 ACEs between age 5 and 9 years were associated with ADHD at age 9 years even after controlling for ACEs before age 5 years and ADHD at age 5 years (adjusted odds ratio [AOR], 1.9; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.2–3; AOR, 2.1; 95% CI, 1.2–3.8; and AOR, 2.2; 95% CI, 1.1–4.3). Conclusions In this study of urban children, ACEs occurring before age 5 years as well as between the ages of 5 and 9 years were associated with ADHD at age 9 years. Even after controlling for early childhood ACEs and ADHD at age 5 years, the association between ADHD and ACEs in middle childhood remained significant, highlighting the importance of screening and intervention throughout childhood.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adverse Childhood Experiences and ADHD Diagnosis at Age 9 Years in a National Urban Sample

Jiménez

Wade

Schwartz-Soicher

et al. 2017

Academic Pediatrics

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show abstract

“…The mother was asked how many times each behavior occurred in the past year. Based on past work, 17,18 responses were assigned a score (0 for never or not in the past year, 1 for event occurred once, 2 for twice, 4 for 3-5 times, 8 for 6-10 times, 15 for 11-20 times, and 25 for > 20 times), and we created a dichotomous variable considering domain scores in the top 10th percentile as high risk for maltreatment.…”

Section: Child Maltreatmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adverse Experiences in Early Childhood and Kindergarten Outcomes

Jiménez¹,

et al. 2016

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OBJECTIVE: To examine associations between adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) in early childhood and teacher-reported academic and behavioral problems in kindergarten. METHODS:We conducted a secondary analysis of data from the Fragile Families and Child Wellbeing Study, a national urban birth cohort. Subjects with primary caregiver-reported information on ACE exposures ascertained at 5 years and teacher-reported outcomes at the end of the child's kindergarten year were included. Outcomes included teacher ratings of academic skills, emergent literacy skills, and behavior. We included 8 ACE exposures on the basis of the original Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Kaiser study and created an ACE score by summing individual adversities. We examined the associations between teacher-reported academic and behavioral outcomes and ACE scores by using logistic regression. RESULTS:In the study sample, 1007 children were included. Fifty-five percent had experienced 1 ACE and 12% had experienced ≥ 3. Adjusting for potential confounders, experiencing ≥ 3 ACEs was associated with below-average language and literacy skills (adjusted odds ratio [AORs]: 1.8; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.1-2.9) and math skills (AOR: 1.8, 95% CI: 1.1-2.9), poor emergent literacy skills, attention problems (AOR: 3.5, 95% CI: 1.8-6.5), social problems (AOR: 2.7, 95% CI: 1.4-5.0), and aggression (AOR: 2.3, 95% CI: 1.2-4.6). CONCLUSIONS:In this study of urban children, experiencing ACEs in early childhood was associated with below-average, teacher-reported academic and literacy skills and behavior problems in kindergarten. These findings underscore the importance of integrated approaches that promote optimal development among vulnerable children.

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“…The behaviorally-approximated measures included subsets of the Parent-Child Conflict Tactic Scales (Straus et al, 1998). Such measures are increasingly used to proxy for child maltreatment using population based data (Berger 2004, 2007; Berger et al, 2005; Font & Berger, 2015; Slack et al, 2011). Our measure of abuse includes 5 indicators of physical violence and emotional aggression, representing the number of times in the past 12 months that the mother: (1) shook the focal child; (2) hit the child with an object; (3) called the child stupid, dumb, or other names; (4) threatened to kick the child out of the home; and (5) swore at the child.…”

Section: Data and Measuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Income and child maltreatment in unmarried families: evidence from the earned income tax credit

et al. 2016

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This study estimates the associations of income with both (self-reported) child protective services (CPS) involvement and parenting behaviors that proxy for child abuse and neglect risk among unmarried families. Our primary strategy follows the instrumental variables (IV) approach employed by Dahl and Lochner (2012), which leverages variation between states and over time in the generosity of the total state and federal Earned Income Tax Credit for which a family is eligible to identify exogenous variation in family income. As a robustness check, we also estimate standard OLS regressions (linear probability models), reduced form OLS regressions, and OLS regressions with the inclusion of a control function (each with and without family-specific fixed effects). Our micro-level data are drawn from the Fragile Families and Child Wellbeing Study, a longitudinal birth-cohort of relatively disadvantaged urban children who have been followed from birth to age nine. Results suggest that an exogenous increase in income is associated with reductions in behaviorally-approximated child neglect and CPS involvement, particularly among low-income single-mother families.

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Assessing Parenting Behaviors across Racial Groups: Implications for the Child Welfare System

Cited by 36 publications

References 37 publications

Adverse Childhood Experiences and ADHD Diagnosis at Age 9 Years in a National Urban Sample

Adverse Childhood Experiences and ADHD Diagnosis at Age 9 Years in a National Urban Sample

Adverse Experiences in Early Childhood and Kindergarten Outcomes

Income and child maltreatment in unmarried families: evidence from the earned income tax credit

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