Assessing potential environmental contamination from compound 1080 (sodium monofluoroacetate) in bait dust during possum control operations

Wright, George F; Booth, Lynn; Morriss, G. A.; Potts, Matthew D.; Brown, Leslie Ellen; Eason, Charles

doi:10.1080/00288233.2002.9513493

Cited by 6 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…In terms of risk, both the hazard of a substance as well as the likelihood of exposure are considered. The average soil concentration of 1080 caused by leaching of the entire amount of active ingredient from baits (containing 0.15% 1080, w/w) applied at bait stations or via aerial application (at a rate of 5 kg bait/ha) into the top 5 cm of soil has been predicted to be 0.015 mg/kg soil [34]. This 1080 concentration is approximately 450-fold lower than the LOEC observed in these studies (7 mg/kg for lettuce).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This 1080 concentration is approximately 450-fold lower than the LOEC observed in these studies (7 mg/kg for lettuce). A low number of soil samples (6 of 118) taken from inside possum control areas at 1, 5, 15, and 30 d following aerial bait application (0.15% 1080, w/w, cereal baits) had detectable concentrations of 1080 [34]. The maximum soil 1080 residue measured in that study was 0.08 mg/kg soil (G. Wright, Landcare Research, Lincoln, New Zealand, personal communication), indicating (at worst) a low potential exposure of soil invertebrates to concentrations that are almost 100-fold less than the effect concentrations reported in the present study.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Ecotoxicity of sodium fluoroacetate (compound 1080) to soil organisms

O’Halloran¹,

Jones²,

Booth³

et al. 2005

Enviro Toxic and Chemistry

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Sodium fluoroacetate (compound 1080) is applied as a vertebrate pesticide in New Zealand for control of introduced mammalian pests. Despite its widespread use, little is known about the soil ecotoxicity of 1080. Therefore, the hazard of 1080 to soil invertebrates, plants, and soil microorganisms was evaluated in a series of controlled laboratory tests. No earthworm (Eisenia fetida) mortality was reported with 1080 exposures up to 865 mg/kg soil. The lowest-observable-effect concentration and the median effect level for earthworm reproduction were 100 and 90 mg/kg soil, respectively, for cocoon production and 100 and 160 mg/kg soil, respectively, for juvenile production. Lettuce (Lactuca sativa) was more sensitive than oats (Avena sativa) to 1080. Lettuce seedling emergence and seedling shoot growth were adversely affected at a soil concentration of 7 mg/kg. The presence of 1080 in soil at concentrations up to 1 g/kg soil did not affect the ability of soil microorganisms to mineralize nitrogen. Furthermore, nitrate mineralization was not inhibited in soil treated with the urine of 1080-poisoned possums (Trichosurus vulpecula). The data collectively indicate that 1080-related effects on soil organisms occur at levels well above those that have been measured in soil (<0.1 mg/kg) following application of 1080 in baits for vertebrate pest control in New Zealand.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ecotoxicity of sodium fluoroacetate (compound 1080) to soil organisms

O’Halloran¹,

Jones²,

Booth³

et al. 2005

Enviro Toxic and Chemistry

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“…Residues of SFA were extracted from soil subsamples (2.5 g), using a modification of the extraction method described by Wright et al . Quality assurance samples for each batch of samples included an extraction solution blank; a control soil blank; a control soil spiked with the internal standard chloroacetic acid, SFA, and HAA; and a comparative standard prepared by dispensing the same spike compound solutions into a 10‐mL volumetric flask.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Degradation rate of sodium fluoroacetate in three New Zealand soils

Northcott

Jensen

Ying

et al. 2014

Enviro Toxic and Chemistry

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The degradation rate of sodium fluoroacetate (SFA) was assessed in a laboratory microcosm study incorporating 3 New Zealand soil types under different temperature (5 °C, 10 °C, or 20 °C) and soil moisture (35% or 60% water holding capacity) conditions using guideline 307 from the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. A combination of nonlabeled and radiolabeled (14) C-SFA was added to soil microcosms, with sampling and analysis protocols for soil, soil extracts, and evolved CO(2) established using liquid scintillation counting and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. Degradation products of SFA and their rates of formation were similar in the 3 soil types. The major degradation pathway for SFA was through microbial degradation to the hydroxyl metabolite, hydroxyacetic acid, and microbial mineralization to CO(2), which constituted the major transformation product. Temperature, rather than soil type or moisture content, was the dominant factor affecting the rate of degradation. Soil treatments incubated at 20 °C displayed a more rapid loss of (14)C-SFA residues than lower temperature treatments. The transformation half-life (DT50) of SFA in the 3 soils increased with decreasing temperature, varying from 6 d to 8 d at 20 °C, 10 d to 21 d at 10 °C, and 22 d to 43 d at 5 °C.

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“…This form of application is used extensively due to its cost-effectiveness and suitability for large areas and rugged terrain (Wright, 2011). Used in New Zealand since 1956 (Wright et al, 2002), 1080 is highly effective in possum control and is the most extensively used poison for this purpose (Eason et al, 2010). More recently, aerial 1080 distribution has also been found to be effective in killing both rats, when pre-feeding is carried out (the distribution of non-toxic baits a number of weeks before toxic baits); and stoats, through secondary poisoning, whereby poisoned prey are consumed prior to the decomposition of the toxin (Elliott & Kemp, 2016).…”

Section: Use and Controversy Of 1080 Poisonmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bioacoustic monitoring of New Zealand avifauna before and after aerial 1080 operations

Bomans¹

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<p>Introduced mammalian predators, namely possums, stoats and rats, are the leading cause of decline in native avifauna in New Zealand. The control of these species is essential to the persistence of native birds. A major component of mammal control in New Zealand is carried out through the aerial distribution of the toxin sodium monofluoroacetate (otherwise known as 1080). The use of this toxin, however, is subject to significant public debate. Many opponents of its use claim that forests will ‘fall silent’ following aerial operations, and that this is evidence of negative impacts on native bird communities. With the continued and likely increased use of this poison, monitoring the outcomes of such pest control operations is necessary to both address these concerns and inform conservation practice. The recent growth in autonomous recording units (ARUs) provides novel opportunities to conduct monitoring using bioacoustics. This thesis used bioacoustic techniques to monitor native bird species over three independent aerial 1080 operations in the Aorangi and Rimutaka Ranges of New Zealand. In Chapter 2, diurnal bird species were monitored for 10-12 weeks over two independent operations in treatment and non-treatment areas. At the community level, relative to non-treatment areas, the amount of birdsong recorded did not decrease significantly in treatment areas across either of the operations monitored. At the species level, one species, the introduced chaffinch (Fringilla coelebs), showed a significant decline in the prevalence of its calls in the treatment areas relative to non-treatment areas. This was observed over one of the two operations monitored. Collectively, these results suggest that diurnal native avifaunal communities do not ‘fall silent’ following aerial 1080 operations. The quantity of data produced by ARUs can demand labour-intensive manual analysis. Extracting data from recordings using automated detectors is a potential solution to this issue. The creation of such detectors, however, can be subjective, iterative, and time-consuming. In Chapter 3, a process for developing a parsimonious, template-based detector in an efficient, objective manner was developed. Applied to the creation of a detector for morepork (Ninox novaeseelandiae) calls, the method was highly successful as a directed means to achieve parsimony. An initial pool of 187 potential templates was reduced to 42 candidate templates. These were further refined to a 10-template detector capable of making 98.89% of the detections possible with all 42 templates in approximately a quarter of the processing time for the dataset tested. The detector developed had a high precision (0.939) and moderate sensitivity (0.399) with novel recordings, developed for the minimisation of false-positive errors in unsupervised monitoring of broad-scale population trends. In Chapter 4, this detector was applied to the short-term 10-12 week monitoring of morepork in treatment and non-treatment areas around three independent aerial 1080 operations; and to longer-term four year monitoring in two study areas, one receiving no 1080 treatment, and one receiving two 1080 treatments throughout monitoring. Morepork showed no significant difference in trends of calling prevalence across the three independent operations monitored. Longer-term, a significant quadratic effect of time since 1080 treatment was found, with calling prevalences predicted to increase for 3.5 years following treatment. Collectively, these results suggest a positive effect of aerial 1080 treatment on morepork populations in the lower North Island, and build on the small amount of existing literature regarding the short- and long-term response of this species to aerial 1080 operations.</p>

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Assessing potential environmental contamination from compound 1080 (sodium monofluoroacetate) in bait dust during possum control operations

Cited by 6 publications

References 4 publications

Ecotoxicity of sodium fluoroacetate (compound 1080) to soil organisms

Ecotoxicity of sodium fluoroacetate (compound 1080) to soil organisms

Degradation rate of sodium fluoroacetate in three New Zealand soils

Bioacoustic monitoring of New Zealand avifauna before and after aerial 1080 operations

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