Assessing potential impacts associated with contamination events in water distribution systems : a sensitivity analysis.

Protecting Water Supply Critical Infrastructure: An Overview

“…Davis and Janke (2011) and Davis et al (2010) quantified the consequences from contamination events for a diverse set of 12 real distribution systems. Their modeling and simulation work showed that significant (those similar to worst case) consequences from intentional contamination events would likely only occur at a minority of release or injection locations.…”

“…The ability to consider the influence of multispecies interactions on estimating consequences was provided with the update of Threat Ensemble Vulnerability Assessment Sensor Placement Optimization Tool (TEVA-SPOT) to include the EPANET-MSX capability in 2011 (U.S. EPA 2013). Davis and Janke (2011) and Davis et al (2010) showed that consequences are dependent on the contaminant, where it is released or injected into the distribution system, and the quantity released. The work of Davis and Janke (2011) and Davis et al (2010) supported the earlier findings of Allman and Carlson (2005).…”

“…Davis and Janke (2011) and Davis et al (2010) showed that consequences are dependent on the contaminant, where it is released or injected into the distribution system, and the quantity released. The work of Davis and Janke (2011) and Davis et al (2010) supported the earlier findings of Allman and Carlson (2005). However, the approach used by Davis and Janke (2011) and Davis et al (2010) consisted of a flexible approach that was noncontaminant-specific but could be applied to any contaminant for which health effects information was available.…”

“…However, the approach used by Davis and Janke (2011) and Davis et al (2010) consisted of a flexible approach that was noncontaminant-specific but could be applied to any contaminant for which health effects information was available. Davis and Janke (2011) and Davis et al (2010) defined ''impacts'' to be the number of people who receive a dose (mg of some chemical or number of organisms ingested through contaminated tap water) above a certain level. This ''impacts''-based approach was extended in Davis et al (2013).…”

“…Davis and Janke (2011) studied the magnitude of potential consequences, termed ''impacts,'' given a range of dose thresholds or levels (representing a range of contaminant toxicities), location of contaminant release in the WDS, size of population served by the water system, and quantity of contaminant (mass) released. In Davis et al (2010), the authors examined the nature of the consequences or ''impacts'' for 12 real and diverse water systems while looking at the sensitivity of the consequences to (1) mass of contaminant injected, (2) time of contaminant injection, (3) duration (hr) of contaminant injection, (4) distribution of population within the WDS model, (5) tap water ingestion pattern, i.e., time of day when people drink and how much. In Davis et al (2013), consequences were estimated while considering contaminant decay or loss.…”