Assessing potential pathogenicity of novel highly pathogenic avian influenza (H5N6) viruses isolated from Mongolian wild duck feces using a mouse model

Duong, Bao Tuan; Than, Duc Duong; Ankhanbaatar, Ulaankhuu; Gombo-Ochir, Delgerzul; Shura, Gansukh; Tsolmon, Amartuvshin; Basan, Ganzorig; Yeo, Seon Ju; Park, Hyun

doi:10.1080/22221751.2022.2069515

Cited by 7 publications

(5 citation statements)

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“…The pathogenicity of HB1905 in mice was consistent with studies of swan-origin H5N6 AIV isolated in 2020 and H5N6 AIV isolated from wild duck feces in 2022 [ 6 , 17 ]. The pathogenicity of the HB1907 virus in mice was significantly higher than that of the HB1905 virus.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 81%

“…Phylogenetic analysis of HA genes showed that the two H5N6 strains isolated in this study belong to the clade 2.3.4.4h H5N6 AIVs, which is consistent with the clade of H5N6 strains prevailing in China during 2018–2020 reported in previous studies [ 39 ]. At the same time, the HA proteins of the two strains in this study had multiple basic amino acids at the cleavage site (RERRRKR↓G), which is a characteristic of HPAIV [ 17 , 39 , 40 ]. These indicated that the viruses were capable of causing high death rates in poultry [ 6 , 41 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In recent years, the 2.3.4.4h clade has been shown to be notably dominant in poultry in China; thus, its pathogenic and transmissible ability in mammals needs to be further studied. The latest study of swan-origin H5N6 AIVs isolated in 2020 and a study of H5N6 AIVs isolated from wild duck feces in 2022 both showed that the clade 2.3.4.4h H5N6 AIVs could infect mammals without adaptation and that they have certain pathogenicity [ 6 , 17 ]. Therefore, extensive surveillance of both wild birds and poultry is necessary to further elucidate the ability of the H5N6 AIV 2.3.4.4h clade to infect mammals, as well as to assess the potential threat to public health and livestock development from poultry sources.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Pathogenicity and Transmissibility of Clade 2.3.4.4h H5N6 Avian Influenza Viruses in Mammals

Zhang

Zhang²,

Zhao

et al. 2022

Animals

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Avian influenza viruses (AIVs) have the potential for cross-species transmission and pandemics. In recent years, clade 2.3.4.4 H5N6 AIVs are prevalent in domestic poultry, posing a threat to the domestic poultry industry and public health. In this study, two strains of H5N6 AIVs were isolated from chickens in Hebei, China, in 2019: A/chicken/Hebei/HB1907/2019(H5N6) and A/chicken/Hebei/HB1905/2019(H5N6). Phylogenetic analysis showed that both viral HA genes clustered in the 2.3.4.4h clade. Receptor binding analysis showed that the HB1905 strain preferentially binds to α-2,3-linked sialic acid (SA) receptors, while the HB1907 strain preferentially binds to α-2,3- and α-2,6-linked sialic acid (SA) receptors. During early infection, the HB1907 strain is highly replicable in MDCK cells, more so than the HB1905 strain. Pathogenicity assays in mice showed that both viruses could replicate in the lungs without prior adaptation, with HB1907 being more highly pathogenic in mice than the HB1905 strain. Significantly, both the HB1905 and HB1907 strains can be transmitted through direct contact among guinea pigs, but the transmission efficiency of the HB1907 strain through contact between guinea pigs is much greater than that of the HB1905 strain. These results strengthen the need for ongoing surveillance and early warning of H5N6 AIVs in poultry.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 81%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Pathogenicity and Transmissibility of Clade 2.3.4.4h H5N6 Avian Influenza Viruses in Mammals

Zhang

Zhang²,

Zhao

et al. 2022

Animals

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“…Te human mortality rate with H5Nx viruses is higher than that with other infuenza subtypes, including seasonal infuenza viruses [61]. Te evolving H5Nx viruses are becoming increasingly virulent in mammalian models [1,62,63]. Specifcally, the HAs of the H5N1 and H5N6 subtypes isolated after 2020 in the subclades 2.3.4.4b and 2.3.4.4h showed an afnity for both α2,3 and α2,6 SA receptors and high replication capacity in mice [1,64].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phylodynamics and Molecular Mutations of the Hemagglutinin Affecting Global Transmission and Host Adaptation of H5Nx Viruses

Demirev

Park

Lee

et al. 2023

Transboundary and Emerging Diseases

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Highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) H5 viruses have circulated globally causing incidental human infection with a substantial pandemic threat. The present study investigated the molecular evolution and phylodynamics of hemagglutinin (HA) in avian and human-isolated H5Nx viruses globally circulating since 2000. We investigated the dynamics of amino acid substitution in the HA sequences of avian and human H5Nx viruses and performed a phylogenetic analysis. Our study found that the H5Nx lineages dominantly expanded since 2000 and diverged into multiple sublineages with unique genetic mutations. P185S mutation in HA became a molecular characteristic of dominant H5Nx viruses throughout clades 2.3.4.1 to 2.3.4.4 (2.3.4.1–4). The key mutations, ΔE130 and I155T, and potential N-linked glycosylation at residues 128, 144, and 159 in the HA gene of human-isolated viruses possibly contributed to both the individual and population levels of the H5 evolution and the host adaptation. Our analysis detected heterogeneity in amino acid sites under positive selection in the HA gene of clades 2.3.4.1–4. Accumulated mutations in the HA protein may potentially affect not only the genetic and antigenic diversity of HPAI H5Nx viruses but also increase the functional compatibility with NA subtypes. Given the global spread and incessantly occurring HA mutations of H5Nx viruses, our results emphasize the importance of early identification of HA mutations as well as the need for a comprehensive assessment of H5Nx variants in terms of pandemic preparedness.

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“…In the present study, we aimed to develop a rapid fluorescent diagnostic system for early detection of the H5 HPAIVs subclade 2.3.4.4, one of the most emerging variant subclades of the H5 HPAIVs lineage, in order to distinguish it from other H5 LPAIVs in chicken feces [ 23 , 24 ]. The E. coli host was replaced by reverse genetics of influenza viruses based on a mammalian expression system to develop H5Nx 2.3.4.4-specific mAbs, which were combined with a fluorescence material and suitable lysis buffer to discriminate between H5 HPAIVs and H5 LPAIVs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of a Rapid Fluorescent Diagnostic System for Early Detection of the Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza H5 Clade 2.3.4.4 Viruses in Chicken Stool

Bao

Than

et al. 2022

IJMS

Self Cite

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Rapid diagnosis is essential for the control and prevention of H5 highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses (HPAIVs). However, highly sensitive and rapid diagnostic systems have shown limited performance due to specific antibody scarcity. In this study, two novel specific monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) for clade 2.3.4.4 H5Nx viruses were developed by using an immunogen from a reversed genetic influenza virus (RGV). These mAbs were combined with fluorescence europium nanoparticles and an optimized lysis buffer, which were further used for developing a fluorescent immunochromatographic rapid strip test (FICT) for early detection of H5Nx influenza viruses on chicken stool samples. The result indicates that the limit of detection (LoD) of the developed FICT was 40 HAU/mL for detection of HPAIV H5 clade 2.3.4.4b in spiked chicken stool samples, which corresponded to 4.78 × 104 RNA copies as obtained from real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). An experimental challenge of chicken with H5N6 HPAIV is lethal for chicken three days post-infection (DPI). Interestingly, our FICT could detect H5N6 in stool samples at 2 DPI earlier, with 100% relative sensitivity in comparison with RT-PCR, and it showed 50% higher sensitivity than the traditional colloidal gold-based rapid diagnostic test using the same mAbs pair. In conclusion, our rapid diagnostic method can be utilized for the early detection of H5Nx 2.3.4.4 HPAIVs in avian fecal samples from poultry farms or for influenza surveillance in wild migratory birds.

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Assessing potential pathogenicity of novel highly pathogenic avian influenza (H5N6) viruses isolated from Mongolian wild duck feces using a mouse model

Cited by 7 publications

References 58 publications

Pathogenicity and Transmissibility of Clade 2.3.4.4h H5N6 Avian Influenza Viruses in Mammals

Pathogenicity and Transmissibility of Clade 2.3.4.4h H5N6 Avian Influenza Viruses in Mammals

Phylodynamics and Molecular Mutations of the Hemagglutinin Affecting Global Transmission and Host Adaptation of H5Nx Viruses

Development of a Rapid Fluorescent Diagnostic System for Early Detection of the Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza H5 Clade 2.3.4.4 Viruses in Chicken Stool

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