Assessing precipitation extremes (1981–2018) and deep convective activity (2002–2018) in the Amazon region with CHIRPS and AMSU data

Funatsu, Beatriz M.; Roux, Renan Le; Arvor, Damien; Espinoza, Jhan Carlo; Claud, Chantal; Ronchail, Josyane; Michot, Véronique; Dubreuil, Vincent

doi:10.1007/s00382-021-05742-8

Cited by 21 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 112 publications

(154 reference statements)

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“…Note that fire incidence is associated with SST anomalies, especially the warm phase of ENSO [21,33,55]. In recent decades, some studies have reported a high frequency of droughts and extreme rainfall in some Amazonian areas [38,82,86,92,96,97]. Some periods of extreme drought in 1997 and 1998 were related to the occurrence of El Niño events [98], as well as the drought recorded in 2010, which was related to El Niño events from previous years [99].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…The Amazon contains vast reserves of C but can experience major changes in rainfall patterns, mainly because of the influence of large-scale phenomena (ENSO, SST anomalies, and moisture transport anomalies; e.g., Marengo and Espinoza [38], Espinoza et al [29], Towner et al [36], Funatsu et al [86]) which affect C dynamics [81]. Herein, the results obtained for the El Niño drought period, such as in 2009 when the annual absorption rate of C/pixel was 0.050 kg C m −2 year −1 , showed no significant differences with those obtained for the La Niña drought period (cold phase of ENSO).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Gutiérrez-Vélez et al [100] found that drought severity had the greatest influence on the occurrence of fires. Changes in the duration of the dry season, increase in dry days and delayed onset of the dry season were observed in the southern Amazon and Bolivia [29,86,101], all of which have the potential to intensify fires conditions. These areas are largely coincident with the "deforestation arc", wherein the largest land use conversions have occurred [21,87].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Fires Drive Long-Term Environmental Degradation in the Amazon Basin

et al. 2022

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The Amazon Basin is undergoing extensive environmental degradation as a result of deforestation and the rising occurrence of fires. The degradation caused by fires is exacerbated by the occurrence of anomalously dry periods in the Amazon Basin. The objectives of this study were: (i) to quantify the extent of areas that burned between 2001 and 2019 and relate them to extreme drought events in a 20-year time series; (ii) to identify the proportion of countries comprising the Amazon Basin in which environmental degradation was strongly observed, relating the spatial patterns of fires; and (iii) examine the Amazon Basin carbon balance following the occurrence of fires. To this end, the following variables were evaluated by remote sensing between 2001 and 2019: gross primary production, standardized precipitation index, burned areas, fire foci, and carbon emissions. During the examined period, fires affected 23.78% of the total Amazon Basin. Brazil had the largest affected area (220,087 fire foci, 773,360 km2 burned area, 54.7% of the total burned in the Amazon Basin), followed by Bolivia (102,499 fire foci, 571,250 km2 burned area, 40.4%). Overall, these fires have not only affected forests in agricultural frontier areas (76.91%), but also those in indigenous lands (17.16%) and conservation units (5.93%), which are recognized as biodiversity conservation areas. During the study period, the forest absorbed 1,092,037 Mg of C, but emitted 2908 Tg of C, which is 2.66-fold greater than the C absorbed, thereby compromising the role of the forest in acting as a C sink. Our findings show that environmental degradation caused by fires is related to the occurrence of dry periods in the Amazon Basin.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Fires Drive Long-Term Environmental Degradation in the Amazon Basin

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“…Satellite-based data sets were also used in water balance approaches to evaluate long-term trends Heerspink et al, 2020;Pacada et al, 2020; X. Y. and monthly variations of runoff (Builes-Jaramillo & Poveda, 2018). In addition, hydrological extreme events have been reported in the Amazon basin during the last decades, which has been possible by using satellite-based rainfall estimates (Barichivich et al, 2018;Espinoza et al, , 2014Funatsu et al, 2021;Gloor et al, 2013;Marengo & Espinoza, 2016;Satyamurty, da Costa, Manzi, & Candido, 2013;Sena et al, 2012). Applications of precipitation databases to the understanding of the hydrologic cycle through modeling are described in Section 6.2.…”

Section: Precipitationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Amazon hydrology from space: scientific advances and future challenges

Fassoni‐Andrade

Fleischmann

Papa³

et al. 2021

Preprint

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As the largest river basin on Earth, the Amazon is of major importance to the world's climate and water resources. Over the past decades, advances in satellite-based remote sensing (RS) have brought our understanding of its terrestrial water cycle and the associated hydrological processes to a new era. Here, we review major studies and the various techniques using satellite RS in the Amazon. We show how RS played a major role in supporting new research and key findings regarding the Amazon water cycle, and how the region became a laboratory for groundbreaking investigations of new satellite retrievals and analyses. At the basin-scale, the understanding of several hydrological processes was only possible with the advent of RS observations, such as the characterization of "rainfall hotspots" in the Andes-Amazon transition, evapotranspiration rates, and variations of surface waters and groundwater storage. These results strongly contribute to the recent advances of hydrological models and to our new understanding of the Amazon water budget and aquatic environments. In the context of upcoming hydrology-oriented satellite missions, which will offer the opportunity for new synergies and new observations with finer space-time resolution, this review aims to guide future research agenda toward integrated monitoring and understanding of the Amazon water from space. Integrated multidisciplinary studies, fostered by international collaborations, set up future directions to tackle the great challenges the Amazon is currently facing, from climate change to increased anthropogenic pressure. Plain Language SummaryThe Amazon basin is the largest river basin in the world, characterized by complex hydrological processes that connect high rates of precipitation, extensive floodplains, dense tropical forests, complex topography, and large variations in freshwater storage and discharge. It plays a key role in the water, energy, and carbon cycles and interacts with the global climate system. Earth observations have played a major role in supporting research in Amazon hydrology, and the characterization of several hydrological processes was only possible with the help of remote sensing data. The basin is now facing great risk under current climate change and increased anthropogenic pressure and the resulting environmental alterations require a better understanding of the overall basin's water cycle across scales. We review the strengths and limitations of observations from satellites in the context of the current and upcoming hydrology-oriented satellite missions, and we make recommendations for improving satellite observations of the Amazon basin water cycle, along with an interdisciplinary and stepwise approach to guide research for the next decades.

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“…To date, most studies have focused on reporting the extent, causes and impacts of deforestation on ecosystems and climate change. Consequently, studies have reported worrying predictions of changes in mean annual precipitation [3,22,23], an increase in extreme droughts [24] or precipitation events [25], and changes in the beginning and end dates of the rainy season [26,27]. Beyond deforestation, recent studies also mention the severe degradation of the Amazon rainforest due to fire, timber logging and forest fragmentation [28].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

How wildfires increase sensitivity of Amazon forests to droughts

Renan

Wagner

Blanc

et al. 2022

Environ. Res. Lett.

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The phenology of tropical forests is tightly related to climate conditions. In the Amazon, the seasonal greening of forests is conditioned by solar radiation and rainfall. Yet, increasing anthropogenic pressures (e.g. logging and wildfires), raise concerns about the impacts of forest degradation on the functioning of forest ecosystems, especially in a climate change context. In this study, we relied on remote sensing data to assess the contribution of solar radiation and precipitation to forest greening in mature and fire degraded forests, with a focus on the 2015 drought event. Our results showed that forest greening is more dependent on water resources in degraded forests than in mature forests. As a consequence, the expected increase in drought episodes and associated fire occurrences under climate change could lead to a long-term drying of tropical forests.

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Assessing precipitation extremes (1981–2018) and deep convective activity (2002–2018) in the Amazon region with CHIRPS and AMSU data

Cited by 21 publications

References 112 publications

Fires Drive Long-Term Environmental Degradation in the Amazon Basin

Fires Drive Long-Term Environmental Degradation in the Amazon Basin

Amazon hydrology from space: scientific advances and future challenges

How wildfires increase sensitivity of Amazon forests to droughts

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