Assessing product adulteration in natural health products for laxative yielding plants, Cassia, Senna, and Chamaecrista, in Southern India using DNA barcoding

Seethapathy, Gopalakrishnan Saroja; Ganesh, D.; Urumarudappa, Santhosh Kumar J.; Umapathy, Senthilkumar; Newmaster, Steven G.; Ragupathy, Subramanyam; Shaanker, R. Uma; Ravikanth, G.

doi:10.1007/s00414-014-1120-z

Cited by 91 publications

(70 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…The authors conclude that such substitutions may not only fail to give the expected therapeutic effect, but may also give undesirable effects as in case of Sida acuta, which contains a sixfold higher amount of ephedrine than the roots of S. cordifolia. A similar study by Seethapathy et al [74] on authentication of laxatives made from wild harvested Cassia, Senna and Chamaecrista species using four DNA barcoding markers (ITS, matK, rbcL and psbA-trnH) revealed considerable adulteration of herbal products and confirmed the suspicion that there is rampant herbal product adulteration in Indian markets.…”

Section: Sanger Dna Sequencingmentioning

confidence: 56%

“…Supportive research has documented adulteration many herbal products including 50 % in ginseng and 25 % in black cohosh [71,75], 33 % in herbal teas [76] and 16 % in Ginkgo products [69]. Estimates of adulteration are also similar in India, where they range from 37 % in Senna to 50 % for Cassia products [74]. All of these authors conclude that there is considerable product substitution, contamination and use of fillers in NHPs, and they suggest that the herbal industry should embrace DNA barcoding for authenticating herbal products through testing of raw materials used in manufacturing products.…”

Section: Sanger Dna Sequencingmentioning

confidence: 86%

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DNA Barcoding and Pharmacovigilance of Herbal Medicines

2015

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Pharmacovigilance of herbal medicines relies on the product label information regarding the ingredients and the adherence to good manufacturing practices along the commercialisation chain. Several studies have shown that substitution of plant species occurs in herbal medicines, and this in turn poses a challenge to herbal pharmacovigilance as adverse reactions might be due to adulterated or added ingredients. Authentication of constituents in herbal medicines using analytical chemistry methods can help detect contaminants and toxins, but are often limited or incapable of detecting the source of the contamination. Recent developments in molecular plant identification using DNA sequence data enable accurate identification of plant species from herbal medicines using defined DNA markers. Identification of multiple constituent species from compound herbal medicines using amplicon metabarcoding enables verification of labelled ingredients and detection of substituted, adulterated and added species. DNA barcoding is proving to be a powerful method to assess species composition in herbal medicines and has the potential to be used as a standard method in herbal pharmacovigilance research of adverse reactions to specific products.

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Section: Sanger Dna Sequencingmentioning

confidence: 56%

Section: Sanger Dna Sequencingmentioning

confidence: 86%

DNA Barcoding and Pharmacovigilance of Herbal Medicines

2015

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“…The use of authentic medicinal plant species is a fundamental requirement in herbal medicine [12]. Adulteration, substitution, and mislabelling may cause potential harm to patients [13][14][15][16][17]. Along with safety and toxicity, there is a need to develop methods of profiling medicinal plants for the purpose of authentication.…”

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confidence: 99%

Detection of Adulteration by Wedelia calendulacea in Eclipta alba through ISSR and RAPD Markers

Pendkar

Hegde

Nayak

et al. 2016

PMIO

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!In the crude herbal drug market, the highly medicinal Eclipta alba, popularly known as "Bhringaraja", is often adulterated with Wedelia calendulacea. To evaluate the ability of simple genetic fingerprinting methods to differentiate between the two species, Inter-Simple Sequence Repeat and Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA assays were performed on 30 individuals of E. alba and 4 individuals of W. calendulacea. Samples of W. calendulacea were found to cluster in clades that distinctly separated from E. alba and at least one band was identified for each of the two species that can serve as a marker for identification. Despite wide variations and a limited number of samples, phylogenetic analysis helped in differentiating the original from the adulterant plant. The study underscores the importance of simple DNAbased fingerprinting as a cost-effective method for the detection of adulteration in plants, particularly with respect to E. alba. Eclipta alba (L.) Hassk, commonly known as "Bhringaraja", is a medicinal herb belonging to the Asteraceae family that is traditionally used as a liver tonic and hair growth promoter in various traditional systems of medicine including Ayurveda. It is used in the treatment of spleen enlargements, uterine hemorrhages, skin diseases, and scorpion bites [1][2][3][4]. Other than the use of the whole plant juice as a powerful hepatoprotective and rejuvenative tonic, it is also used for the treatment of respiratory disorders, including coughs and asthma [5]. Wedelia calendulacea (L.) Less ("Pithabringi"), which belongs to the same family as E. alba, has a similar common name, and has been known for similar therapeutic uses [1,4]. It is often used as a substitute for the latter. It is interesting to note that wedelectone, a coumestan, is one of the major polyphenolic active constituents found in both species and it has been reported for activities against breast and prostate carcinomas [6,7]. Correct botanical identities of several crude drugs used in Ayurveda and in other traditional systems have not been properly established. These drugs have been categorized as "Sandigdha Dravya" or doubtful entities [8]. These are herbs with names that do not precisely indicate the exact botanical identity, but describe the therapeutic utility of the plant. The same is true with "Bhringaraja". Both E. alba and W. calendulacea are used under the name "Bhringaraja", often for treatment of the same ailment. However, it is reported that "Shweta Bhringaraja" -white-flowered herb (E. alba) -is superior in quality [9]. Reports of "E. alba" being adulterated with W. calendulacea are frequent [2,10,11]. Quality issues, including the genuineness of crude drugs are a major concern plaguing the herbal drug industry, particularly in India. The use of authentic medicinal plant species is a fundamental requirement in herbal medicine [12]. Adulteration, substitution, and mislabelling may cause potential harm to patients [13][14][15][16][17]. Along with safety and toxicity, there is a need to develop methods o...

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“…(Jouan, EG 2 110IR) Effects on cell proliferation. In order to determine the effect of Senna extract on the proliferation of HeLa cells, 4 10 cells were seeded in the wells. After 24 hours, Senna extract was added.…”

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confidence: 99%