Assessing progress in protecting non-smokers from secondhand smoke

Semple, Sean; Mueller, William A.; Leyland, Alastair H.; Gray, Linsay; Cherrie, John W.

doi:10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2018-054599

Cited by 21 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 20 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…However, a decrease in the concentration of salivary cotinine from tobacco, as an objective index of second-hand smoke exposure, was reported in children aged 11-12 years in Scotland after the 2006 legislation, 4 and non-smoking adults were around 6 times less likely to have had detectable second-hand smoke exposure in 2016 than in 1998. 21 The same might be assumed for children after TiRO. Thirdly, our analyses showed decreases in hospital admissions for asthma (and some other conditions related to second-hand smoke exposure) after the 2006 smoke-free public spaces legis lation, and in some subgroups after TiRO in 2014, but admissions for gastroenteritis (a condition unrelated to second-hand smoke exposure) were unaffected.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Associations between a smoke-free homes intervention and childhood admissions to hospital in Scotland: an interrupted time-series analysis of whole-population data

Turner

Mackay

Dick

et al. 2020

The Lancet Public Health

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background Many children are exposed to second-hand smoke in the home and are at increased risk of asthma and other respiratory conditions. In Scotland, a public health mass-media campaign was launched on March 24, 2014, called Take it Right Outside (TiRO), with a focus on reducing the exposure of children to domestic second-hand smoke. In this study, our aim was to establish whether the TiRO campaign was followed by a decrease in hospital admissions for childhood asthma and other respiratory conditions related to second-hand smoke exposure across Scotland.Methods For an interrupted time-series analysis, data were obtained on all hospital admissions in Scotland between 2000 and 2018 for children aged younger than 16 years. We studied changes in the monthly incidence of admissions for conditions potentially related to second-hand smoke exposure (asthma, lower respiratory tract infection, bronchiolitis, croup, and acute otitis media) per 1000 children following the 2014 TiRO campaign, while considering national legislation banning smoking in public spaces from 2006. We considered asthma to be the primary condition related to second-hand smoke exposure, with monthly asthma admissions as the primary outcome. Gastroenteritis was included as a control condition. The analysis of asthma admissions considered subgroups stratified by age and area quintile of the Scottish Index of Multiple Deprivations (SIMD). Findings 740 055 hospital admissions were recorded for children. 138 931 (18•8%) admissions were for respiratory conditions potentially related to second-hand smoke exposure, of which 32 342 (23•3%) were for asthma. After TiRO in 2014, we identified a decrease relative to the underlying trend in the slope of admissions for asthma (-0•48% [-0•85 to -0•12], p=0•0096) in younger children (age <5 years), but not in older children (age 5-15 years). Asthma admissions did not change after TiRO among children 0-15 years of age when data were analysed according to area deprivation quintile. Following the 2006 legislation, independent of TiRO, asthma admissions decreased in both younger children (-0•36% [-0•67 to -0•05], p=0•021) and older children (-0•68% [-1•00 to -0•36], p<0•0001), and in children from the most deprived (SIMD 1; -0•49% [-0•87 to -0•11], p=0•011) and intermediate deprived (SIMD 3; -0•70% [-1•17 to -0•23], p=0•0043) area quintiles, but not in those from the least deprived (SIMD 5) area quintile.Interpretation Our findings suggest that smoke-free home interventions could be an important tool to reduce asthma admissions in young children, and that smoke-free public space legislation might improve child health for many years, especially in the most deprived communities.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Associations between a smoke-free homes intervention and childhood admissions to hospital in Scotland: an interrupted time-series analysis of whole-population data

Turner

Mackay

Dick

et al. 2020

The Lancet Public Health

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…These include measures such as smoke-free public spaces which have been shown to be highly effective in reducing both the proportion of non-smoking adults exposed to SHS and the intensity of that exposure. Recent work [53] examining population salivary cotinine data in Scotland has shown that the proportion of adult non-smokers with measurable cotinine on any given day has reduced from nearly 88% in 1998 to less than 19% in 2016; and the concentration of cotinine in the saliva of the non-smoking population has reduced by over 97%. Policy measures to reduce general smoking prevalence through tools such as taxation, pricing, and plain packaging; smoke-free legislation to reduce the number of enclosed public spaces where non-smokers are exposed to SHS; and mass media campaigns to reduce the acceptability of smoking at home, have all played a role in these reductions.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reducing Secondhand Smoke Exposure Among Nonsmoking Pregnant Women: A Systematic Review

Nwosu

Angus

Cheeseman

et al. 2020

Nicotine &Amp; Tobacco Research

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Introduction Exposure to secondhand smoke (SHS) in pregnancy leads to an increased risk of stillbirths, congenital malformations, and low birth weight. There is a lack of evidence about how best to achieve reductions in SHS exposure among nonsmoking pregnant women. This work systematically reviews individual or household interventions to reduce pregnant women’s exposure to SHS. Methods MEDLINE, EMBASE, and CINAHL databases were searched from their dates of inception to April 17, 2019. Studies were included if: participants were nonsmoking pregnant women; involved an intervention to reduce SHS exposure or encourage partner quitting; and measured SHS exposure of pregnant women and/or recorded quit rates among partners. The UK National Institute for Health & Care Excellence (NICE) Quality Appraisal checklist was used to determine internal and external validity. Results Nine studies met the inclusion criteria. Educational interventions were primarily targeted at the pregnant woman to change her or others’ behavior, with only two studies involving the partner who smoked. Intervention delivery was mixed, spanning brief discussions through to more involving sessions with role play. The effective interventions involved multiple follow-ups. There was no standardized method of assessing exposure to SHS. Many of the included studies had moderate to high risk of bias. Conclusion There is mixed evidence for interventions aimed at reducing pregnant women’s exposure to SHS, though multi-component interventions seem to be more effective. The effectiveness of family-centered approaches involving creating smoke-free homes alongside partner smoking cessation, perhaps involving pharmacological support and/or financial incentives, should be explored. Implications • Measures to protect nonsmoking pregnant women from SHS tend to place the responsibility for “avoidance” on the woman. • There is little work that seeks to involve the smoking partner or other smokers in protecting pregnant women from SHS. • Interventions to create smoke-free homes and/or smoking partner cessation need to be developed: pharmacological and financial support should be explored.

show abstract

“…The longer than intended implementation of policy actions and the time for change to occur in smoking prevalence may explain why change in smoking prevalence was not observed until 2017, four years after the publication of the strategy. Additionally, the number of non-smokers exposed to second-hand smoke has decreased [8]. Further monitoring and evaluation is necessary to understand longer-term impacts of policy actions, and whether observed changes in prevalence of cigarette smoking is sustained.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A review of the 2013 tobacco control strategy evaluated the impact of policy actions to reduce tobacco consumption, and highlighted promise for policies aimed at reducing children’s exposure to second-hand smoke, the implementation of a tobacco display ban in retail outlets, a mass media campaign ‘Take it Right Outside’, smoke-free hospital grounds, and the introduction of plain packaging legislation [6]. This review complements evaluations of tobacco control actions in Scotland and the UK which have identified promising effects (as well as challenges) for policies tackling second-hand smoke exposure [7,8], the implementation of a peer-led smoking prevention intervention in schools [9,10], mass media campaigns [11], tobacco packaging legislation [12], and point-of-sale legislation [13,14]. Globally, systematic review evidence has identified promising effects for tobacco control policies and interventions on reducing cigarette smoking prevalence and reducing inequalities in cigarette smoking [15,16,17,18,19], and observational research provides evidence for the implementation of multiple policy actions to reduce smoking prevalence [20].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tobacco Control Policy in Scotland: A Qualitative Study of Expert Views on Successes, Challenges and Future Actions

Laird

Myers²,

Reid³

et al. 2019

IJERPH

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The Scottish Government launched a tobacco control strategy in 2013 with the ambition of making Scotland tobacco smoke-free by 2034. However, 17% of the adult population in Scotland smoke cigarettes. This study aimed to provide insight into why policies are successful or not and provide suggestions for future policy actions. Individual interviews with ten tobacco control experts were conducted and the results were analyzed using thematic analysis. Key successes included strong political leadership, mass media campaigns, legislation to address availability and marketing of cigarettes and tobacco products, and legislation to reduce second-hand smoke exposure. Challenges included implementing policy actions, monitoring and evaluation of tobacco control actions, addressing health inequalities in smoking prevalence, and external factors that influenced the success of policy actions. Key suggestions put forward for future policy actions included addressing the price and availability of tobacco products, maintaining strong political leadership on tobacco control, building on the success of the ‘Take it Right Outside’ mass media campaign with further mass media campaigns to tackle other aspects of tobacco control, and developing and testing methods of addressing inequalities in cigarette smoking prevalence. The findings of this study can inform future tobacco control policy in Scotland and have relevance for tobacco control policies in other countries.

show abstract

Assessing progress in protecting non-smokers from secondhand smoke

Cited by 21 publications

References 20 publications

Associations between a smoke-free homes intervention and childhood admissions to hospital in Scotland: an interrupted time-series analysis of whole-population data

Associations between a smoke-free homes intervention and childhood admissions to hospital in Scotland: an interrupted time-series analysis of whole-population data

Reducing Secondhand Smoke Exposure Among Nonsmoking Pregnant Women: A Systematic Review

Tobacco Control Policy in Scotland: A Qualitative Study of Expert Views on Successes, Challenges and Future Actions

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About