Assessing single and joint toxicity of three phenylurea herbicides using Lemna minor and Vibrio fischeri bioassays

Impacts of the mycotoxin zearalenone on growth and photosynthetic responses in laboratory populations of freshwater macrophytes (Lemna minor) and microalgae (Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata)

“…The reduction in movement of electrons into the electron transport chain can cause the over excitation of PSII as seen with photosynthetic herbicides including DCMU (Giardi and Pace, 2005). By binding to QB; the plastoquinone domain, in the D1 protein of chloroplasts, photosynthesis is inhibited with more energy being absorbed than can be transported into the electron transport chain (Gatidou et al, 2015).…”

High‐pressure‐induced phase transition in 1,3‐diphenylurea: The approaching of N–H⋯O hydrogen‐bonded chains

“…It is found in coconut milk, herbicides, and pharmaceuticals developed to treat different diseases. [1,2,[8][9][10] 1,3-Diphenylurea is the addition of two phenyl groups at the paraposition of the urea molecule. Its crystal structure is an orthorhombic phase at ambient conditions, and its symmetry belongs to the Pna2 1 space group (Figure 1).…”

Polymer monolith microextraction using poly(butyl methacrylate-co-1,6-hexanediol ethoxylate diacrylate) monolithic sorbent for determination of phenylurea herbicides in water samples

“…Herbicides, such as PUHs, can enter into environment such as soil and surface/ground water through washing and leaching, which may lead to toxic levels [2] after long term accumulation. According to the European Union regulations, the allowed permissible limit of any single herbicide in drinking water is 0.1 ng mL À 1 [3].…”