Assessing Social Impacts of Slum Displacement on Women’s Lives: A Case Study of three Resettlement Colonies in Delhi, India

Abstract

The mega-cities’ displacement often affects all in different ways but it goes economically, politically and socially beyond words to most vulnerable and marginalized groups of the population. Further, impoverishment and risks associated with resettlement can be felt more intensely on and by certain segments of the displaced population. Such projects have multiple and differential impacts, especially on women, men and children. Nonetheless, regardless of differences in caste, class, religion, or region, women everywhere bear the heavy brunt (in terms of tangible and intangible losses) of the forced move a lot more than the male members of their families. This very paper has projected a detailed study of similar courses on women of three major resettlement colonies of Bawana, Bhalsawa and TikriKhurd in Delhi, India.

Connecting the Disconnected: The Role of ICT in Women’s Livelihood Restoration in the Resettlement Site Kannagi Nagar in Chennai, India

“…The kind of social, cultural and occupational uprooting which DIDR entails generally has a more profound effect on women than men (Bajpai & Gautam, 2018). Women tend to experience shrinking 1999), after the deprivation caused by the impoverishments of resettlement (Cernea, 2000).…”

“…The improvement of networks, membership, and trust that enable collective action through social inclusion and community rebuilding (Cernea, 2000;DFID, 1999;Woolcock, 2001;Xiao, Liu, et al, 2018) Social inclusion Maintained relative contacts livelihood opportunities since having been uprooted, they face greater difficulties in their new environments and need to build a new everyday routine from scratch (Sikka & Mathur, 2018;Smyth et al, 2015). Bajpai and Gautam (2018) also point out that most women lose their steady income as a result of DIDR. From the social perspective, resettlement disrupts social networks and family ties, resulting in the shrinking of a familiar space that women are used to and gain enjoyment from.…”

(Re)constructing (In)formality: The Politics of History, Urbanism, and Resettlement in Santo Domingo's Barrios

“…62 Both of these concepts are intertwined with what Roy called the "state of exception", the selfattributed power of the state to decide what is formal and informal, a flexibility that often bypasses discourses on rights. 63 Resembling the old agency-structure debate, which focuses on the impact of society and individual freedom in determining human behaviour, the literature highlights the impact of social determinism and grassroots efforts when it comes to the construction and advancement of discourses on slum dwellers' rights. Below I continue with the main ideological postulations driving resettlement operations.…”

“…62 See, Desai, "Governing the Urban Poor," 49. 63 Roy, "Urban Informality". Roy argues that "informality, and the state of exception that it embodies, is produced by the state" ( 155), but can also be "strategically used by planers to mitigate some of the vulnerabilities of the urban poor," 148.…”

“…As Erin Taylor noted "the poor majority in Santo Domingo have resisted attempts by the elite to shape them, forming their own, more inclusive brand of citizenship that the elite failed to overrule". 63 These settlements endured harsh urban policies that negated their rights to the city, and yet they were able to persist-and even thrive. For most of the dictatorship, everyday life occurred surreptitiously in surviving barrios.…”