Assessing sources of nitrate contamination in the Shiraz urban aquifer (Iran) using the δ<sup>15</sup>N and δ<sup>18</sup>O dual-isotope approach

Amiri, Haleh; Zare, Mohammad; Wîdory, David

doi:10.1080/10256016.2015.1032960

Cited by 16 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 55 publications

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“…A valuable tool for future studies assessing the natural or anthropogenic origin of solute compounds, such as

{NO}_{3}^{-}

{SO}_{4}^{2 -}

, or Cl − , are light stable isotope analyses of the elements C, H, O, N, and S (e.g., Amiri, Zare, & Widory, ; Bateman & Kelly, ; Liu et al, ; Michalski, Böhlke, & Thiemens, ; Michalski, Kolanowski, & Riha, ; Widory et al, ). In addition, future studies should include ecological indicators that may be more sensitive to fertilizer input, such as counts of specific organisms and quantification of sediment loads.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Insights into agricultural influences and weathering processes from major ion patterns

Geldern

Schulte

Mäder

et al. 2018

Hydrological Processes

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Karst areas and their catchments pose a great challenge for protection because fast conduit flow results in low natural attenuation of anthropogenic contaminants. Studies of the hydrochemistry of karst sources and river solutes are an important tool for securing and managing water resources. A study of the geochemical downriver evolution of the Wiesent River and its tributaries, located in a typical karst terrain, revealed unexpected downstream decreases of nitrate with maximum mean values of 30 mg/L at the source to minimum values of 18 mg/L near the river mouth. This trend persisted over the length of the river even though increased agricultural activities are evident in the downstream section of the catchment. This pattern is caused by fertilizer inputs via diffusive and fast conduits flow from karst lithology in the upstream area that may have reached the river's source even from beyond the hydrological catchment boundaries. Further downstream, these influences became diluted by tributary inputs that drain subcatchments dominated by claystone and sandstone lithologies that increased potassium and sulphate concentrations. Our findings indicate that bedrock geology remains the dominant control on the major ion chemistry of the Wiesent River and that agricultural influences are strongest near the headwaters despite increased land use further downstream, due to long‐term storage and accumulation in karst aquifers. This feature may not be unique to the Wiesent River system, as carbonates cover significant portions of the Earth's surface and subsequent work in other river systems could establish whether such patterns are ubiquitous worldwide.

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“…A valuable tool for future studies assessing the natural or anthropogenic origin of solute compounds, such as

{NO}_{3}^{-}

{SO}_{4}^{2 -}

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Insights into agricultural influences and weathering processes from major ion patterns

Geldern

Schulte

Mäder

et al. 2018

Hydrological Processes

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“…The northern side comprises of coarse alluvium. Oligo-miocene carbonate formed from the Asmari-Jahrom, Miocene marl formed from Razak and Plio-Pleostocene conglomerate developed from the Bakhtyari form the catchment geological settings in Shiraz [22]. In addition to Shiraz alluvial aquifer, many karstic anticlines adjoining the Shiraz also provides drinking water to the peoples of city.…”

Section: Hydrological Settings and Aquifer Formationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The northern karstic aquifer is linked with the alluvial aquifer. Comprehensive pumping in the northern karstic aquifer has reversed the ground water flow route, taking place in alluvial aquifer water arriving the karstic aquifer [22].…”

Section: Hydrological Settings and Aquifer Formationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Groundwater quality evaluation of Shiraz City, Iran using multivariate and geostatistical techniques

Alamdar¹,

Kumar

Moghtaderi³

et al. 2019

SN Appl. Sci.

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Groundwater is vital water resource for domestic, agricultural and industrial purposes in Shiraz City, Iran. Management of groundwater with respect to quality and quantity is decisive subject in order to accomplish the increasing requirements for water. In the present paper, evaluation of groundwater parameters, viz., pH, electrical conductivity (EC), major cations (K + , Na + , Ca 2+ and Mg 2+), major anions (Cl − and HCO 3 −), NO 3 − , SO 4 2− , total dissolved solids (TDS), alkalinity, hardness, sodium absorption ratio (SAR) and Na% were done from Shiraz City, Iran. Consequently, 80 groundwater samples were collected from different sites in June 2017. The results of different parameters were compared with the standard guideline prescribed by the World Health Organization (WHO) for drinking and public health purposes. From the results, it was concluded that 62.5% samples exceeded for EC values, 12.5% samples for Na + , 30% samples for Ca 2+ , 97.5% samples for Mg 2+ and TDS, 28.7% samples for Cl − , and 40% samples for SO 4 2− contents as recommended by WHO. The Na% values ranged from 5.25 to 38.59, whereas SAR values varied from 0.21 to 6.64 meq/L. Results of Na% and SAR indicated that groundwater is good for irrigation and domestic purposes. The results of MGI and BEI showed that 83.75% sampling sites showed shallow meteoric percolation type and Na + SO 4 type with less than one value respectively. Multivariate statistical analysis (cluster analysis and principal component analysis) and spatial maps showed that both anthropogenic activities such as cement factory, gas power plant, Rishmark factory and vegetable Oil Company, and natural processes like rock weathering are responsible for the contents of groundwater parameters.

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“…For comparison, the nitrate concentrations in the other contaminated environments are about 2 orders of magnitude less. These include the Chesterville Branch Watershed, MD, affected by agricultural fertilizer practices (10 mg/liter) (3), and the Shiraz alluvial aquifer under the city of Shiraz, Iran, which is highly contaminated with nitrate from agricultural and industrial activities and has nitrate concentrations as high as 149 mg/liter (6). The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's (EPA) maximum contaminant level (MCL) for nitrate in drinking water is 10 mg/liter.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nitrate-Utilizing Microorganisms Resistant to Multiple Metals from the Heavily Contaminated Oak Ridge Reservation

Thorgersen

Poole

et al. 2019

Appl Environ Microbiol

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Contamination of environments with nitrate generated by industrial processes and the use of nitrogen-containing fertilizers is a growing problem worldwide. While nitrate can be removed from contaminated areas by microbial denitrification, nitrate frequently occurs with other contaminants, such as heavy metals, that have the potential to impede the process. Here, nitrate-reducing microorganisms were enriched and isolated from both groundwater and sediments at the Oak Ridge Reservation (ORR) using concentrations of nitrate and metals (Al, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Cd, and U) similar to those observed in a contaminated environment at ORR. Seven new metal-resistant, nitrate-reducing strains were characterized, and their distribution across both noncontaminated and contaminated areas at ORR was examined. While the seven strains have various pH ranges for growth, carbon source preferences, and degrees of resistance to individual and combinations of metals, all were able to reduce nitrate at similar rates both in the presence and absence of the mixture of metals found in the contaminated ORR environment. Four strains were identified in groundwater samples at different ORR locations by exact 16S RNA sequence variant analysis, and all four were found in both noncontaminated and contaminated areas. By using environmentally relevant metal concentrations, we successfully isolated multiple organisms from both ORR noncontaminated and contaminated environments that are capable of reducing nitrate in the presence of extreme mixed-metal contamination. IMPORTANCE Nitrate contamination is a global issue that affects groundwater quality. In some cases, cocontamination of groundwater with nitrate and mixtures of heavy metals could decrease microbially mediated nitrate removal, thereby increasing the duration of nitrate contamination. Here, we used metal and nitrate concentrations that are present in a contaminated site at the Oak Ridge Reservation to isolate seven metal-resistant strains. All were able to reduce nitrate in the presence of high concentrations of a mixture of heavy metals. Four of seven strains were located in pristine as well as contaminated sites at the Oak Ridge Reservation. Further study of these nitrate-reducing strains will uncover mechanisms of resistance to multiple metals that will increase our understanding of the effect of nitrate and metal contamination on groundwater microbial communities.

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Assessing sources of nitrate contamination in the Shiraz urban aquifer (Iran) using the δ¹⁵N and δ¹⁸O dual-isotope approach

Cited by 16 publications

References 55 publications

Insights into agricultural influences and weathering processes from major ion patterns

Insights into agricultural influences and weathering processes from major ion patterns

Groundwater quality evaluation of Shiraz City, Iran using multivariate and geostatistical techniques

Nitrate-Utilizing Microorganisms Resistant to Multiple Metals from the Heavily Contaminated Oak Ridge Reservation

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Assessing sources of nitrate contamination in the Shiraz urban aquifer (Iran) using the δ15N and δ18O dual-isotope approach

Cited by 16 publications

References 55 publications

Insights into agricultural influences and weathering processes from major ion patterns

Insights into agricultural influences and weathering processes from major ion patterns

Groundwater quality evaluation of Shiraz City, Iran using multivariate and geostatistical techniques

Nitrate-Utilizing Microorganisms Resistant to Multiple Metals from the Heavily Contaminated Oak Ridge Reservation

Contact Info

Product

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Assessing sources of nitrate contamination in the Shiraz urban aquifer (Iran) using the δ¹⁵N and δ¹⁸O dual-isotope approach