Assessing temporal support for dynamic decision making in C2

Rousseau, Robert; Tremblay, Sébastien; Lafond, Daniel; Vachon, François; Breton, R.

doi:10.1177/154193120705101844

Cited by 14 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…Modifications to the TOD interface would make the temporal information it provides more salient and easier to extract. This may have been particularly the case for novice users, as a previous study found that participants were able to use TOD to better advantage only when they had more experience (Rousseau et al, 2007). NSEEV also highlights the effort required to shift attention across the screen.…”

Section: Methodological and Practical Implicationsmentioning

confidence: 93%

“…We suggest that the mere presence of a support tool on the screen can alter the way a task is performed and can add additional load (McCrickard, Catrambone, Chewar, & Stasko, 2003;Rousseau et al, 2007).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In terms of temporal awareness, operators in dynamic and time-pressured environments need to have an overarching internal representation of the timecourse of events -both past and future -and the interactions between them. The temporal overview display (TOD; Rousseau, Tremblay, Lafond, Vachon, & Breton, 2007) provides an on-screen grid-based representation of temporal events that goes beyond a mere snapshot in time, to facilitate the processes of planning and executing complex series of actions (e.g., Potter, Gualtieri, & Elm, 2003). In a naval airwarfare simulation task, TOD was successful in promoting a time-based decision heuristic, improving temporal awareness (Tremblay, Vachon, Rousseau, & Breton, 2012) and situation awareness (Vachon, Lafond, Vallières, Rousseau, & Tremblay, 2011).…”

Section: Decision Supportmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Decision support and vulnerability to interruption in a dynamic multitasking environment

Hodgetts

Tremblay

Vallières

et al. 2015

International Journal of Human-Computer Studies

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Using a microworld simulation of maritime decision making, we compared two decision support systems (DSS) in their impact upon recovery from interruption. The Temporal Overview Display (TOD) and Change History Table (CHT) -designed to support temporal awareness and change detection, respectively -have previously proven useful in improving situation awareness; however, evaluation of support tools for multitasking environments should not be limited to the specific aspects of the task that they were designed to augment. Using a combination of performance, self-report, and eye-tracking measures, we find that both DSS counter-intuitively have a negative effect on performance. Resumption lags are increased, elevated post-interruption decision-making times persist for longer, and defensive effectiveness is impaired relative to No-DSS. Eye-tracking measures indicate that in the baseline condition, participants tend to encode the visual display more broadly, where as those in the two DSS conditions may have experienced a degree of attentional tunnelling due to high workload. We suggest that for a support tool to be beneficial it should ease the burden on attentional resources so that these can be used for reconstructing a mental model of the post-interruption scene.

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Section: Methodological and Practical Implicationsmentioning

confidence: 93%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Decision Supportmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Decision support and vulnerability to interruption in a dynamic multitasking environment

Hodgetts

Tremblay

Vallières

et al. 2015

International Journal of Human-Computer Studies

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“…At the same time, it is a challenge to portray temporal information outside of the geospatial context, with no reference to space. For example, Rousseau, Tremblay, Lafond, Vachon, and Breton (2007), in the context of simulated naval weapon-target scheduling, showed that a temporal display promoted the use of appropriate time-based heuristics but only after substantial practice. It can indeed be challenging to consider all other situational dimensions when visualizing time-oriented data.…”

Section: Decision Support Interfacesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparing Naval Decision Support Technologies Using Decision Models, Process Tracing and Error Analysis

Lafond

Vallières

Vachon

et al. 2017

Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual

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Providing decision support to operators in command and control contexts requires careful assessment of its impacts on task performance. Here we describe a human-in-the-loop experiment using a naval air defense testbed to compare three conditions: 1) a baseline interface (DSSBASE; 2) one that displays the temporal proximity of radar aircraft (DSSTEMP); and 3) one which adds a change history panel (DSSCHEX). Threatevaluation accuracy and cognitive models of participants’ judgments did not significantly differ across conditions. Eye-tracking data showed that DSSTEMP lead to a reduced verification of track attributes. Confusion matrices also differed across conditions: DSSTEMP lead to more errors that are “two-categoriesaway” when erroneously classifying hostile aircraft as non-hostile or uncertain. We conclude that in addition to looking at standard metrics of task accuracy and response times, critical insights can be obtained by assessing how different designs for decision support may alter strategies and cognitive processes.

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“…The Simulated Combat Control System (S-CCS) microworld (Rousseau, Tremblay, Lafond, Vachon, & Breton, 2007) is a SME-validated, low-level, computer-controlled simulation of single ship naval anti-air warfare that requires no particular expertise. The simulation is dynamic and the evolution of associated scenarios is determined by the actions of the operator.…”

Section: Microworldmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exploiting the Auditory Modality in Decision Support: Beneficial "Warning" Effects and Unavoidable Costs

Vachon

Tremblay

Nicholls

et al. 2011

Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual

Self Cite

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The rate at which technology continues to develop and permeate our lives is such that it has become increasingly easier, and thus more likely, for information to be presented to us via different modalities simultaneously. But to what extent does this confluence of information affect our subsequent judgment and performance? Furthermore, what are the implications for system design when this information is critical to saving our lives and others? This study uses a visual ‘microworld’ simulation of a naval anti-air warfare to investigate whether the content and priority of audio messages that accompany changes in the visual modality assist or hinder performance in the task (identification of change and evaluation of threats). Results indicate that although helping critical change detection, a critical warning in the auditory modality is not as efficient as its visual counterpart. Moreover, audio messages tended to bias threat evaluation towards perceiving objects as more hostile than they were in reality. Such findings have clear implications in regard to the costs and benefits of further exploiting the auditory modality in dynamic visual environments.

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Assessing temporal support for dynamic decision making in C2

Cited by 14 publications

References 5 publications

Decision support and vulnerability to interruption in a dynamic multitasking environment

Decision support and vulnerability to interruption in a dynamic multitasking environment

Comparing Naval Decision Support Technologies Using Decision Models, Process Tracing and Error Analysis

Exploiting the Auditory Modality in Decision Support: Beneficial "Warning" Effects and Unavoidable Costs

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