Assessing the Anti-inflammatory Effects of Bacopa-Derived Bioactive Compounds Using Network Pharmacology andIn VitroStudies

Abstract

Bacopa monnieri is reported as a potent Indian medicinal plant that possesses numerous pharmacological activities due to the presence of various bioactive compounds. These pharmacological activities were used in the ancient medicine system to cure inflammatory conditions. Bacopa has the ability to reduce acute pain and inflammation by inhibiting the enzyme cyclo-oxygenase-2 (COX-2) and reducing COX-2-arbitrated prostanoid mediators. Moreover, the anti-inflammatory property may also be associated with the neuroprotective activity of Bacopa. Considering this importance, the current pilot study focused on the anti-inflammatory potential of various phytocompounds of bacopa and their interaction with inflammation responsible genes such as COX2, iNOS, LOX, STAT3, CCR1, and MMP9 through pharmacology analysis of its systems. Docking results revealed that, quercetin (QR) showed significant binding energies with inflammatory genes. Hence, we selected QR as a potential phytocompound for further in vitro experiments. This existing study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of QR as a potent anti-inflammatory compound against lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophages. The in vitro analysis concludes that QR effectively reduces the production of nitric oxide (NO) in LPS-induced RAW264.7 cells and downregulates the expression of COX-2 and iNOS genes due to the inhibitory potential of QR on LPS-stimulated NO production.

Investigating the Neuroprotective and Cognitive-Enhancing Effects of Bacopa monnieri: A Systematic Review Focused on Inflammation, Oxidative Stress, Mitochondrial Dysfunction, and Apoptosis

“…This study also hypothesizes that the potential phytocompounds identified from BM can be employed to regulate signaling pathways associated with target genes, which could lead to treating inflammation-responsive diseases. As expected, the results obtained in vitro revealed that the identified potential phytocompound effectively inhibits the gene expression responsible for inflammation, such as COX2 and iNOS, in LPS-induced RAW264.7 cells [133].…”

“…A pilot study showed that BM phytocompounds such as quercetin can exhibit a relevant anti-inflammatory action. The results showed the interaction with inducible Nitric Oxide synthase (iNOS), Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), Lipoxygenase (LOX), C-C chemokine receptor type 1 (CCR1), MMP9, and signal transducers and activators of transcription (STAT3) genes [133]. Constantini et al [134] evaluated the anti-inflammatory effects of BM extract in neuroinflammation in vitro model (neuronal SH-SY5Y cells that underwent stimulation with Interferon-γ (INF-γ) and TNF-α regarding toxicity, cell viability, and cytokine gene expression.…”

Differential alterations in the expression of AMPA receptor and its trafficking proteins in the hippocampus is associated with recognition memory impairment the rotenone-Parkinson's disease mouse model: neuroprotective role of Bacopa monneiri extract CDRI 08

“…Bacopa monnieri extract (BME) contains saponins such as bacosides, avonoids, bacosaponines, bacopaside N1 etc. [24][25].BME hasan anti-in ammatory, anti-apoptotic, antioxidative and memory-boosting role in many neurological diseases [26][27][28]. In the light of its nootropic effect, the present study has been designed to study the effects of Bacopa monnieri extract (CDRI-08) on AMPA receptor subunit; GluR1 and GluR2, its tra cking proteins and regulatory molecules(CREB and BDNF) in the hippocampus of rotenone-induced PD mouse.…”

Protective effect of stigmasterol enriched extract of <i>Bacopa monnieri</i> in ovalbumin (OVA)-induced asthma: An experimental and network pharmacology studies

“…Bacopa monnieri is a key ingredient in many Ayurvedic herbal preparations and is used in Indian medicine as a nootropic to enhance cognition and memory and also utilises to treat various diseases and disorders (Nemetchek et al, 2017). In this study, we utilized, B. monnieri bioactive compound known as stigmasterol-enriched extract (STIG) has long been utilised in Indian herbal therapy to treat numerous diseases and ailments, such as diabetes, depression, CVD, inflammation, and others (Ibrahim et al, 2022;Jeyasri et al, 2022).…”

“…There is still a lack of information regarding how specific active components of B. monnieri interact with biological proteins, genes, and cells. Therefore, it is necessary to conduct an association analysis of Bacopa monneiri's biological characteristics with respect to probable targets and their possible mechanisms (Jeyasri et al, 2022;Rajan et al, 2015). Network pharmacology, which integrates systems medicine analysis with biomedical big data, has recently become an interesting new area of drug development.…”