Assessing the behavioral effects and abuse potential of propofol bolus injections in healthy volunteers

Zacny, James P.; Lichtor, J. Lance; Zaragoza, June G.; Coalson, Dennis W.; Uitvlugt, A.; Flemming, David C.; Binstock, Wendy; Cutter, Thomas W.; Apfelbaum, Jeffrey L.

doi:10.1016/0376-8716(93)90021-h

Cited by 42 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…Because PPF self-administration was acquired and maintained in drug-naive rats in the present study, it appears that a history of self-administering other drugs (e.g., barbiturates) is not necessary for PPF to serve as a reinforcer in rats. This finding is consistent with a previous study in humans showing that current or past drug use did not appear to be related to choice of propofol over placebo under a discrete-trials choice procedure (Zacny et al 1993b).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

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Abuse liability of the anesthetic propofol: self-administration of propofol in rats under fixed-ratio schedules of drug delivery

2000

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

“…For example, Zacny et al (1993b) found that only 6 of 12 individuals chose propofol (0.6 mg/kg, i.v.) over placebo under a discrete-trial choice procedure.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Abuse liability of the anesthetic propofol: self-administration of propofol in rats under fixed-ratio schedules of drug delivery

2000

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“…In this design, participants choose to self-administer either propofol or vehicle placebo (Zacny et al ., 1993a). The researchers selected a dose of propofol (0.6 mg/kg) that had previously been shown to have robust subjective effects, but was also subanesthetic, to avoid significant sedation (Zacny et al ., 1993b). Restrictions on drug availability are also commonly utilized because they tend to stabilize the pattern of drug self-administration, allowing researchers additional sensitivity to determine the influence of experimental manipulations (Woods and Winger, 1971).…”

Section: Designing a Choice Proceduresmentioning

confidence: 99%

A review of human drug self-administration procedures

Jones

Comer

2013

Behavioural Pharmacology

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Drug self-administration procedures in laboratory settings allow us to closely model drug-taking behavior in real-world settings. This review provides an overview of many of the common self-administration methods used in human laboratory research. Typically, self-administration studies provide a quantifiable measure of the reinforcing effect of a drug, which is believed to be predictive of its potential for abuse. Several adaptations of the self-administration paradigm exist, the simplest of which allows participants free access to the drug under investigation. Free-access procedures allow investigators to observe patterns of drug self-administration and drug effects in a controlled setting. Allowing participants to choose between two simultaneously available reinforcers (choice procedures) is another well-established method of assessing the reinforcing effects of a drug. Offering a choice between two reinforcers (e.g. two different doses of the same drug, two different drugs, or drug and nondrug reinforcers) provides researchers with a point of comparison (e.g. between a drug of known abuse potential and a novel drug). When combined with other endpoints, such as subjective effects ratings, physiological responses, and cognitive performance, human self-administration paradigms have contributed significantly to our understanding of the factors that contribute to, maintain, and alter drug-taking behavior including: craving, positive subjective effects, toxicity, drug interactions and abstinence. This area of research has also begun to incorporate other techniques such as imaging and genetics to further understand the multifaceted nature of substance abuse. The present paper summarizes the different self-administration techniques that are commonly used today and the application of other procedures that may complement interpretation of the drug

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“…In early human studies of propofol's effects in humans, Brazzalotto (1989) estimated that 40% of patients awoke with pleasurable feelings. Drug naïve volunteers selected propofol over placebo and reported pleasant effects two thirds of the time (Zacny et al, 1993). In this report, Zacny et al reported "liking" and preference over placebo for propofol in human volunteers, implying that the drug's reinforcing qualities might be due to the induction of incentive salience circuits in the brain.…”

mentioning

confidence: 92%

Addiction to Propofol

Earley¹,

Finver²

2013

Journal of Addiction Medicine

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This study suggests the incidence and/or detection rate of propofol abuse in HCPs is increasing. Women and anesthesia personnel were overrepresented in the propofol cohort. Propofol-dependent patients commonly have a history of depression and earlier life trauma. A rapid downhill course and physical injury are common adverse effects of propofol abuse. The time from initial use to treatment entry is often contracted when compared with other drugs of abuse making the diagnosis of a true dependence disorder and disposition after treatment more difficult.

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Assessing the behavioral effects and abuse potential of propofol bolus injections in healthy volunteers

Cited by 42 publications

References 29 publications

Abuse liability of the anesthetic propofol: self-administration of propofol in rats under fixed-ratio schedules of drug delivery

Abuse liability of the anesthetic propofol: self-administration of propofol in rats under fixed-ratio schedules of drug delivery

A review of human drug self-administration procedures

Addiction to Propofol

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