Assessing the Bonding Interface Characteristics and Mechanical Properties of Bobbin Tool Friction Stir Welded Dissimilar Aluminum Alloy Joints

Wen, Quan; Li, Wenya; Patel, Vivek; Bergmann, Luciano; Klusemann, Benjamin; Santos, Jorge F. dos

doi:10.1007/s40195-020-01101-4

Cited by 8 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…70,71,80 However, Wen et al joined the dissimilar materials AA6056 and AA2219 aluminum alloy using a bobbin tool and observed a decreasing trend in tensile strength and elongation with increasing welding speed. 81 Fractography Furthermore, an intergranular fracture is found at higher TRS (1800 rpm) because of high heat generation due to the higher tool rotational speed as shown in Figure 20(c). Moreover, the deep and large dimples are observed in SEM image at 1400 rpm.…”

Section: Mechanical Properties Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

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Prediction of heat generation effect on force torque and mechanical properties at varying tool rotational speed in friction stir welding using Artificial Neural Network

Kumar

Triveni

Katiyar

et al. 2023

Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part C:

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Friction stir welding (FSW) has played a significant role in joining aerospace alloys. During this process, the tool rotational (TRS) speed has been found to significantly affect heat generation compared to other parameters. Therefore, the study has investigated the effect of heat generation on force-torque and mechanical properties at different tool rotational speeds (TRS) in the FSW process through experimentation followed by Artificial Neural Network (ANN) technique. Further, the influence of different TRS ranging between 600 and 1800 rpm with an increment of 400 rpm on considered responses; namely thermal weld cycle, microstructure, and grain distribution in nugget zone (NZ) for 2050-T84 Al-Cu-Li alloy plates, welded using FSW were also investigated. It is observed that the vertically downward force (Z-force), longitudinal force (X-force), and spindle torque (Sp. T) decrease with increasing TRS. It is also observed an increasing (up to 1400 rpm) and then decreasing trend for tensile strength and hardness of welded samples. Moreover, the generation of frictional heat and grain size in NZ is increased with increasing TRS from 600 to 1800 rpm. However, the scanning electron microscope (SEM) micrographs of all-welded samples revealed a ductile mode of tensile fracture. Furthermore, the obtained experimental results were validated using the ANN technique. A quite better agreement has been established among the predicted outcomes from ANN with experimental results.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Mechanical Properties Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Prediction of heat generation effect on force torque and mechanical properties at varying tool rotational speed in friction stir welding using Artificial Neural Network

Kumar

Triveni

Katiyar

et al. 2023

Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part C:

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show abstract

“…The region of minimum hardness is located on the RS, and the welded area is asymmetrically distributed, which is attributed to the microstructural changes caused by the complex material flow within the welded zone. [20][21][22][23] So the microhardness of the welded joints shows a ''U'' distribution. This is different from the conclusion that the microhardness of the 6 mm thick 2219 aluminum alloy joint showed a ''W''-shaped distribution.…”

Section: Mechanical Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microstructure and mechanical properties of FSW medium thickness 2219 aluminum alloy

Lü

Meng

et al. 2022

Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part C:

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To achieve high-quality friction stir welding (FSW) of the rocket fuel tank, experiments of FSW 18 mm thick 2219 aluminum alloy are carried out, the microstructure and mechanical properties of the joints are studied, and the influence law of the tool rotation speed on microstructure, microhardness and tensile strength of the welded joints are explored. The welding speed used in the experiment is 100 mm/min, and the tool rotation speed is 350 r/min, 400 r/min and 450 r/min, respectively. The microstructure of the weldments is analyzed by optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. The mechanical properties are measured by tensile tests and Brinell hardness, and it is found that the mechanical properties of the joint first increased and then decreased with the increase of the tool rotation speed. Due to the uneven temperature distribution along the thickness direction of the weldment, the crystal grains in the nugget zone (NZ) are small equiaxed crystals as a whole, with different local sizes and shapes. The size of the crystal grains seems relatively large in the upper layer and relatively small in the bottom layer. As the tool rotation speed increases, so does the heat generation, and thus, the size and degree of the deformation of the crystal grains increase. The defect appears when the tool rotation speed is 450r/min. As the tool rotation speed increases, the tensile strength and microhardness of the joints increase first and then decrease. The maximum tensile strength of the overall weld is 270 MPa. The microhardness shows a trend of ‘‘U’’ distribution, and the hardness in the NZ is slightly higher than that of thermos-mechanically affected zone (TMAZ) and heat-affected zone (HAZ). The fracture location of the joints is the NZ. The fracture mode is ductile fracture. There exist a large number of second phase particles Al2Cu in the dimples.

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“…Significant grain refinement in both welding conditions was also noted. This effect is normally observed in friction-stir-welded/processed materials being most pronounced at the low-heat-input conditions, e.g., [43][44][45][46][47]. In heat-treatable aluminium alloys, however, grain refinement is typically insufficient to compensate for the FSW-induced precipitation dissolution, resulting in essential material softening in the stir zone, for example [43][44][45][46][47].…”

Section: Precipitation Patternmentioning

confidence: 99%

On the Heterogeneous Distribution of Secondary Precipitates in Friction-Stir-Welded 2519 Aluminium Alloy

Zuiko

Malopheyev

Mironov

et al. 2022

Metals

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The macro-scale distribution of secondary precipitates in friction-stir-welded 2519 aluminium alloy was studied. It was found that precipitation pattern essentially varied within the stir zone in terms of volume fraction, size, and even preferential concentration of the particles, either at grain boundaries or within the grain interior. This effect was attributed to local variations in welding temperature and cooling rate, which led to complex precipitation phenomena including coarsening, dissolution, and partial reprecipitation. Specifically, the precipitation coarsening was most pronounced at the weld root due to the lowest welding temperature being in this area. On the other hand, the highest welding temperature at the upper weld surface enhanced the dissolution process. The reprecipitation phenomenon was deduced to be most prominent in the weld nugget due to the slowest cooling rate being in this microstructural region.

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Assessing the Bonding Interface Characteristics and Mechanical Properties of Bobbin Tool Friction Stir Welded Dissimilar Aluminum Alloy Joints

Cited by 8 publications

References 32 publications

Prediction of heat generation effect on force torque and mechanical properties at varying tool rotational speed in friction stir welding using Artificial Neural Network

Prediction of heat generation effect on force torque and mechanical properties at varying tool rotational speed in friction stir welding using Artificial Neural Network

Microstructure and mechanical properties of FSW medium thickness 2219 aluminum alloy

On the Heterogeneous Distribution of Secondary Precipitates in Friction-Stir-Welded 2519 Aluminium Alloy

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