Assessing the Cancer Risk from Environmental PCBs

Cogliano, Vincent

doi:10.2307/3434037

Cited by 7 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…gov/tri/). This contamination with PCBs is of great public concern because of bioaccumulation and potential toxicity to humans and wildlife (Erickson, 1997;Cogliano, 1998). 2.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bioreductive deposition of palladium (0) nanoparticles onShewanella oneidensiswith catalytic activity towards reductive dechlorination of polychlorinated biphenyls

Windt

Aelterman

Verstraete

2005

Environmental Microbiology

340

196

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Microbial reduction of soluble Pd(II) by cells of Shewanella oneidensis MR-1 and of an autoaggregating mutant (COAG) resulted in precipitation of palladium Pd(0) nanoparticles on the cell wall and inside the periplasmic space (bioPd). As a result of biosorption and subsequent bioreduction of Pd(II) with H2, formate, lactate, pyruvate or ethanol as electron donors, recoveries higher than 90% of Pd associated with biomass could be obtained. The bioPd(0) nanoparticles thus obtained had the ability to reductively dehalogenate polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) congeners in aqueous and sediment matrices. Bioreduction was observed in assays with concentrations up to 1000 mg Pd(II) l(-1) with depletion of soluble Pd(II) of 77.4% and higher. More than 90% decrease of PCB 21 (2,3,4-chloro biphenyl) coupled to formation of its dechlorination products PCB 5 (2,3-chloro biphenyl) and PCB 1 (2-chloro biphenyl) was obtained at a concentration of 1 mg l(-1) within 5 h at 28 degrees C. Bioreductive precipitation of bioPd by S. oneidensis cells mixed with sediment samples contaminated with a mixture of PCB congeners, resulted in dechlorination of both highly and lightly chlorinated PCB congeners adsorbed to the contaminated sediment matrix within 48 h at 28 degrees C. Fifty milligrams per litre of bioPd resulted in a catalytic activity that was comparable to 500 mg l(-1) commercial Pd(0) powder. The high reactivity of 50 mg l(-1) bioPd in the soil suspension was reflected in the reduction of the sum of seven most toxic PCBs to 27% of their initial concentration.

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“…gov/tri/). This contamination with PCBs is of great public concern because of bioaccumulation and potential toxicity to humans and wildlife (Erickson, 1997;Cogliano, 1998). 2.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bioreductive deposition of palladium (0) nanoparticles onShewanella oneidensiswith catalytic activity towards reductive dechlorination of polychlorinated biphenyls

Windt

Aelterman

Verstraete

2005

Environmental Microbiology

340

196

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“…Because they are not readily degraded, persistent organic pollutants (POPs), such as polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and organochlorine pesticides (OCPs), are widely distributed within ecosystems, accumulate in living organisms, and may cause adverse effects [1,2]. Although the production and use of most POPs have been banned [3,4], concentrations in the environment are still high, and these concentrations may pose a threat to many wildlife populations [1,5], especially to species that are high on the food chain [6,7]. Moreover, brominated flame retardants, such as polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), are still being produced [8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Feathers as a nondestructive biomonitor for persistent organic pollutants

Dauwe

Jaspers

Covaci

et al. 2005

Enviro Toxic and Chemistry

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Keratinous tissues of mammals and humans, such as hair, have been used to determine the exposure to polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and organochlorine pesticides. In the present study, we investigated the accumulation of persistent organic pollutants (POPs; PCBs, p,p'-DDT, p,p'-dichlorodiphenyldichloroethane [DDD], p,p'-dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene [DDE], hexachlorobenzene [HCB], oxychlordane, trans-nonachlor, polybrominated diphenyl ethers, and polybrominated biphenyls [PBBs]) in feathers of the great tit (Parus major). The accumulation of POPs in feathers and fat samples of 27 adult great tits collected in April 2000 and December 2002 was compared with regard to possible temporal and spatial differences. Polybrominated diphenyl ethers, PBBs, trans-nonachlor, and HCB could not be quantified in feathers. Most PCB congeners and DDTs (p,p'-DDE, p,p'-DDD, and p,p'-DDT) could be determined in feathers, although concentrations in feathers were markedly lower (sigmaPCB concentration range, 28.2-87.1 ng/g) than concentrations in fat (sigmaPCB concentration range, 1244-10074 ng/g). Feathers had relatively higher levels of low-chlorinated PCBs (tetra- and pentachlorinated biphenyls) and p,p'-DDD compared to levels in fat, presumably reflecting levels in blood. Persistent organic pollutant concentrations did not increase with the age of the feather, suggesting that exogenous or aerial depositions of POPs onto the feather surface had no, or only minimal, influence on levels in feathers. For almost all compounds studied, POPs in feathers and fat were significantly positively correlated in samples collected during the breeding season but not in samples collected during the winter. This temporal difference may have been caused by seasonal changes in lipid reserves. Although further research is required, feathers appear to be a promising new, nondestructive biomonitor for PCBs and DDTs in avian wildlife.

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“…PCBs are highly lipophilic and bioaccumulate in lipid-rich tissues of biota. Because of their toxicity, PCBs present a health risk to both humans and a variety of other organisms ( , ). Although banned from production in the United States in 1979, PCB levels in many aquatic ecosystems remain sufficiently high to contaminate food webs and cause consumption advisories for a wide range of valuable fish and shellfish species ().…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Watershed Land Use Is Strongly Linked to PCBs in White Perch in Chesapeake Bay Subestuaries

King

Beaman

Whigham

et al. 2004

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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We related total PCBs (t-PCBs) in white perch (Morone americana), an abundant estuarine resident that supports a valuable recreational and commercial fishery in the mid-Atlantic region, to the amount and spatial arrangement of developed land in watersheds that discharge into 14 subestuaries of Chesapeake Bay. We considered the intensity of development in watersheds using four developed land-use measures (% impervious surface, % total developed land, % high-intensity residential + commercial [%high-res/comm], and % commercial) to represent potential source areas of PCBs to the subestuaries. We further evaluated the importance of source proximity by calculating three inverse-distance weighted (IDW) metrics of development, an approach that weighted developed land near the shoreline more heavily than developed land farther away. Unweighted percentages of each of the four measures of developed land explained 51-69% of the variance in t-PCBs. However, IDWs markedly improved the relationships between % developed land measures and t-PCBs. Percent commercial land, weighted by its simple inverse distance, explained 99% of the variance in t-PCBs, whereas the other three measures explained as much as 93-97%. PCBs historically produced or used in commercial and residential areas are apparently persisting in the environment atthe scale of the watersheds and subestuaries examined in this study, and developed land close to the subestuary has the greatest unit effect on t-PCBs in fish. These findings provide compelling evidence for a strikingly strong linkage between watershed land use and t-PCBs in white perch, and this relationship may prove useful for identifying unsampled subestuaries with a high risk of PCB contamination.

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Assessing the Cancer Risk from Environmental PCBs

Abstract: A new approach to assessing the cancer risk from environmental polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) considers bot:h toxicity and environmental processes to make distinctions among environmental mitures. New

Cited by 7 publications

References 32 publications

Bioreductive deposition of palladium (0) nanoparticles onShewanella oneidensiswith catalytic activity towards reductive dechlorination of polychlorinated biphenyls

Bioreductive deposition of palladium (0) nanoparticles onShewanella oneidensiswith catalytic activity towards reductive dechlorination of polychlorinated biphenyls

Feathers as a nondestructive biomonitor for persistent organic pollutants

Watershed Land Use Is Strongly Linked to PCBs in White Perch in Chesapeake Bay Subestuaries

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