Assessing the Cleanliness of Dental Implants Using Scanning Electron Microscopy and Energy-Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy Analysis—A SEM and EDS In Vitro Study

Abstract

A wide variety of titanium (Ti) alloy dental implant systems are available and as a result, choosing the correct system has become a challenge. Cleanliness of the dental implant surface affects osseointegration but surface cleanliness may be jeopardized during manufacturing. The purpose of this study was to assess the cleanliness of three implant systems. Fifteen implants per system were examined with scanning electron microscopy to identify and count foreign particles. Particle chemical composition analysis was performed with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. Particles were categorized according to size and location. Particles on the outer and inner threads were quantitatively compared. A second scan was performed after exposing the implants to room air for 10 min. Carbon, among other elements, was found on the surface of all implant groups. Zimmer Biomet dental implants had higher particle numbers than other brands. Cortex and Keystone dental implants showed similar distribution patterns. The outer surface had higher particle numbers. Cortex dental implants were the cleanest. The change in particle numbers after exposure was not significant (p > 0.05). Conclusion: Most of the implants studied were contaminated. Particle distribution patterns vary with the manufacturer. The wider and outer areas of the implant have a higher probability of contamination.

Titanium Surface Modification Techniques to Enhance Osteoblasts and Bone Formation for Dental Implants: A Narrative Review on Current Advances

“…Moreover, the contaminated implant surfaces can intensify immunological reactions as well as accelerate the process of corrosion, resulting in the release of ions. These can potentially impact the development of bones, the longevity of implants, and can lead to toxicity or provoke allergic responses [89]. Thus, these current limitations are crucially needed to be addressed in future studies regarding the surface modifications of titanium dental implants.…”

The Influence of Environmental Temperature on the Passive Oxidation Process in the C/SiC Composite

“…As illustrated in Figure 5, the horizontal axis represents the X-ray energy and x (mm) Energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) analysis is a commonly employed technique for measuring chemical elements in fine particles. It determines the elements present in the sample by analyzing the characteristic X-ray wavelengths of different elements [33][34][35]. Various locations on the surface of the C/SiC composite post-oxidation in high-temperature gas underwent EDX analysis using a detector manufactured by Oxford Instrument.…”

Enhancing Titanium Disk Performance through In-Pack Cold Atmospheric Plasma Treatment

“…Surgical-grade paper packaging plays a fundamental role in maintaining the sterility of packaged products by creating an effective barrier against microorganisms. , In this context, treating titanium samples inside hermetically sealed packages can be an innovative way to treat dental implants immediately before their use. It is a promising approach to enhance the effectiveness of the sterilization process and the quality of packaged products .…”