Assessing the contributions of private health facilities in a pioneer private-public partnership in childhood immunization in Nigeria

Oluoha, Chukwuemeka; Umeh, Chukwuemeka A.; Ahaneku, Hycienth

doi:10.4081/jphia.2014.297

Cited by 7 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…In Nigeria, routine immunisation is integrated into the maternal healthcare (MHC) both in the public and private health sectors in all the 36 states and the Federal Capital Territory 16. The MHC continuum consists of antenatal care (ANC), skilled birth attendance (SBA) and postnatal care (PNC) 17 18.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The impact of maternal health care utilisation on routine immunisation coverage of children in Nigeria: a cross-sectional study

Anichukwu

Asamoah

2019

BMJ Open

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ObjectiveTo examine the impact of maternal healthcare (MHC) utilisation on routine immunisation coverage of children in Nigeria.DesignIndividual level cross-sectional study using bivariate and multivariable logistic regression analyses to examine the association between MHC utilisation and routine immunisation coverage of children.SettingNigeria Demographic and Health Survey 2013.Participants5506 women aged 15–49 years with children aged 12–23 months born in the 5 years preceding the survey.Primary outcome measuresFully immunised children and not fully immunised children.ResultsThe percentage of children fully immunised with basic routine childhood vaccines by the age of 12 months was 25.8%. Antenatal care (ANC) attendance irrespective of the number of visits (adjusted OR (AOR)1–3 visits2.4, 95% CI 1.79 to 3.27; AOR4–7 visits3.2, 95% CI 2.52 to 4.13; AOR≥ 8 visits3.5, 95% CI 2.64 to 4.50), skilled birth attendance (SBA) (AOR 1.9, 95% CI 1.65 to 2.35); and maternal postnatal care (PNC) (AOR 1.7, 95% CI 1.46 to 2.06) had positive effects on the child being fully immunised after adjusting for covariates (except for each other, ie, ANC, SBA and PNC). Further analyses (adjusting stepwise for each MHC service) showed a mediation effect that led to the effect of PNC not being significant.ConclusionsThe percentage of fully immunised children in Nigeria was very low. ANC attendance, SBA and maternal PNC attendance had positive impact on the child being fully immunised. The findings suggest that strategies aimed at maximising MHC utilisation in Nigeria could be effective in achieving the national coverage target of at least 80% for routine immunisation of children.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The impact of maternal health care utilisation on routine immunisation coverage of children in Nigeria: a cross-sectional study

Anichukwu

Asamoah

2019

BMJ Open

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“…Little is known about the characteristics of private sector delivery of immunization services in LMICs, including how private and public sector practices differ along lines of service quality and adherence to national immunization policies [ 1 ]. The current limited evidence indicate private healthcare providers have lower levels of knowledge about immunization and service quality compared to public sector providers [ 1 , 3 , 4 ]; however only one published study from Africa is currently available [ 4 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Missed opportunities and barriers for vaccination: a descriptive analysis of private and public health facilities in four African countries

Olorunsaiye¹,

Langhamer²,

Wallace³

et al. 2017

Pan Afr Med J

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IntroductionMissed opportunities and barriers to vaccination limit progress toward achieving high immunization coverage and other global immunization goals. Little is known about vaccination practices contributing to missed opportunities and barriers among private healthcare providers in Africa.MethodsService Provision Assessments (SPA) of representative samples of health facilities in four African countries (Kenya, Tanzania, Senegal, Malawi) in 2010-2015 were used to describe missed opportunities and barriers for vaccination in public, private for-profit, private not-for-profit and faith-based facilities. Data included vaccination practices, observations during sick child and antenatal visits, and exit interviews following sick child visits.ResultsData from 3,219 health facilities, 11,613 sick child visits and 8,698 antenatal visits were included. A smaller proportion of for-profit facilities offered child vaccination services (country range, 25-37%) than did public facilities (range, 90-96%). The proportion of facilities offering pentavalent vaccine (diphtheria, pertussis, tetanus, hepatitis B and Haemophilus influenza type b antigens) daily ranged 0-77% across countries and facility types. Less than 33% of for-profit facilities in any country offered measles vaccination daily. A minority of public or private providers assessed the child’s vaccination status during a sick child visit (range by country and facility type, 14-44%), or offered tetanus toxoid during antenatal visits (range, 19-51%). Very few providers discussed the importance of newborn vaccination.ConclusionSubstantial missed opportunities for, and barriers to, vaccination were identified across this representative sample of health facilities in four African countries. Strategies are needed to ensure that private and public providers implement practices to minimize barriers and missed opportunities for vaccination.

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“…To ensure children are reached by immunization services, many African countries have signed a memorandum of understanding with private health facilities. Under public-private partnership (PPP), private facilities offer immunization services [21,22].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Routine childhood immunization service readiness and uptake in the selected border District councils of Tanzania: A cross-sectional study

Abdallah

Kapologwe²,

Kibusi

2022

Preprint

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Background: Globally and in Tanzania, vaccine-preventable diseases are emerging and resurging for different reasons. This trend necessitated an assessment to find out the facility’s readiness to provide routine childhood immunization services among primary healthcare facilities and its uptake in district councils of Tanzania. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted between 9 and 21 May 2022, to assess readiness, observation checklist was used to collect information from a sample of 32 health facilities which was randomly selected. A questionnaire was used to collect information from a sample of 250 caregivers to assess the level of uptake and factors related to childhood vaccination. Both descriptive and inferential statistics were used to present the collected data. Where chi-square and logistic regression models were used for categorical data and for controlling the confounders respectively. P-values of less than 0.05 at 95% CI were considered statistically significant. Data entry and analysis were conducted using SPSS version 26. Findings: Of the 32 health facilities that were recruited in this study, the majority (81.3%) were owned by the government, of which 27 were Dispensaries and 5 were Health centres. All the healthcare facilities visited had functional refrigerators for storing vaccines and maintaining the cold chain. On average, the availability of basic childhood vaccines was 96%. More than half (78.1%) of health facilities suffered from a shortage of staff and 81.3% had no reliable transport for providing immunization services. Regarding the uptake of childhood vaccines, of 250 children studied, 56% were males, 82.8% were born at healthcare facilities, and only 73.2% of the children were fully immunized. The facility's readiness to provide immunization services and place of delivery were the main factors for the uptake of childhood vaccines (p<0.05). The odds of children being fully immunized were 0.37 less likely when delivered at home and 0.157 less likely when receiving services from those facilities which were not ready to provide childhood vaccines (AOR = 0.37, [0.136-1.1008] and (AOR = 0.157, [0.021-1.231]) respectively. Conclusion: Primary healthcare facilities must always be ready to provide childhood immunization services to reverse the local and global trend of vaccine-preventable disease resurgence, especially in border district councils where disease importation is a possibility.

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Assessing the contributions of private health facilities in a pioneer private-public partnership in childhood immunization in Nigeria

Cited by 7 publications

References 6 publications

The impact of maternal health care utilisation on routine immunisation coverage of children in Nigeria: a cross-sectional study

The impact of maternal health care utilisation on routine immunisation coverage of children in Nigeria: a cross-sectional study

Missed opportunities and barriers for vaccination: a descriptive analysis of private and public health facilities in four African countries

Routine childhood immunization service readiness and uptake in the selected border District councils of Tanzania: A cross-sectional study

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