Assessing the cost-optimal mileage of medium-duty electric vehicles with a numeric simulation approach

Taefi, Tessa T.; Stütz, Sebastian; Fink, Andréas

doi:10.1016/j.trd.2017.08.015

Cited by 43 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…This is caused by prohibitively high purchase prices compared to ICE-vehicles, and by technological and operational limitations and uncertainties, such as short driving ranges, operational stability, resale prices, etc. [6][7][8].…”

Section: Literature Backgroundmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…On the other hand, there are operating costs which, due to longer mileages, are more significant for TCO of trucks than for passenger cars [9]. Operating costs for electric propulsion tend to be lower than for diesel vehicles due to, amongst other reasons, higher energy efficiency for electricity and savings on energy costs and general maintenance [5,6,14]. This emphasizes the idea that high utilization may be key for recovering the cost premium of investment, and thereby, for the competitiveness of e-trucks.…”

Section: Literature Backgroundmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Experiences from Battery-Electric Truck Users in Norway

Hovi

Pinchasik

Figenbaum

et al. 2019

WEVJ

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This paper presents experiences from pilot-projects with battery-electric trucks in Norway, focusing on purchasing processes, technology, vehicle choices, user experience and various performance aspects. Furthermore, we discuss the electrification potential for battery-electric trucks and compare their total costs of ownership and associated socio-economic costs with internal combustion engine (ICE) trucks for a range of technological maturity scenarios. The results show that experiences have generally been positive but tailoring of use patterns is often required. Furthermore, at their current maturity level, battery-electric trucks could, to some extent, replace typical use of Norwegian ICE trucks, depending on the situation. In terms of costs, we expect that battery-electric light distribution trucks will first become competitive with ICE trucks when technology reaches mass production.World Electric Vehicle Journal 2020, 11, 5 2 of 21 vehicles reach the market. In the fall of 2019, however, four FCHE-trucks, converted from diesel truck chassis', will be phased into operation for a major distributor of groceries in central Norway.The aim of the present paper was to identify and present experiences gained by pilots with BE-trucks in Norway so far. Building on information from pilot users, this work further provides insights into the potential and costs for electrification in both the near term and longer term. This is done by (1) looking at how pilot vehicles are used and what adjustments have had to be made in daily use patterns compared to similar patterns for ICE trucks, (2) analysing user patterns for different vehicle segments, (3) developing cost models that compare total costs of ownership of BE-(and FCHE-) trucks versus ICE-trucks in a number of scenarios for technology maturity, and (4) assessing socio-economic costs of phasing in zero-emission trucks. While the first two analyses thus focus on BE-trucks, in the latter two, it was possible and insightful to also consider FCHE solutions. Understanding user experiences and technological and economic barriers and enablers perceived by operators is crucial for achieving the ambitious uptake of zero-emission vehicles that Norway envisions over the next decade. Particularly for freight vehicles, there seems to be a knowledge gap regarding these topics.

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Section: Literature Backgroundmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Literature Backgroundmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experiences from Battery-Electric Truck Users in Norway

Hovi

Pinchasik

Figenbaum

et al. 2019

WEVJ

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…This is based on the concept of time preference in micro-economics. The discount factor used in the study is based on a discount rate of 5%, though other studies have used values ranging from 5% to 15% [2,6,15,18,23,52]. The change of the NPV of the BEV scenarios in comparison to the DV scenarios are presented in percentages.…”

Section: Lifecycle Costmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The reasoning is that the high purchase cost of the vehicle and charging system can be potentially off-set by the relatively lower operating and maintenance costs. However, as battery replacement is considered after a fixed set of charging cycles, the potential savings may differ [52]. Further, the study did not consider degradation of the battery over time, assuming that the capacity fade is minimal at 3000 cycles [60].…”

Section: Role Of Service Lifetimementioning

confidence: 99%

Decarbonisation of Urban Freight Transport Using Electric Vehicles and Opportunity Charging

et al. 2018

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The high costs of using electric vehicles (EVs) is hindering wide-spread adoption of an EV-centric decarbonisation strategy for urban freight transport. Four opportunity charging (OC) strategies—during breaks and shift changes, during loading activity, during unloading activity, or while driving on highways—are evaluated towards reducing EV costs. The study investigates the effect of OC on the lifecycle costs and carbon dioxide emissions of four cases of different urban freight transport operations. Using a parametric vehicle model, the weight and battery capacity of operationally suitable fleets were calculated for ten scenarios (i.e., one diesel vehicle scenario, two EV scenarios without OC, and seven EV scenarios with four OC strategies and two charging technology types). A linearized energy consumption model sensitive to vehicle load was used to calculate the fuel and energy used by fleets for the transport operations. OC was found to significantly reduce lifecycle costs, and without any strong negative influence on carbon dioxide emissions. Other strong influences on lifecycle costs are the use of inductive technology, extension of service lifetime, and reduction of battery price. Other strong influences on carbon dioxide emissions are the use of inductive technology and the emissions factors of electricity production.

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“…A few total cost of ownership (TCO) analyses have investigated the competitive position of commercial vehicles. These are however mainly focused on the truck segment [12][13][14][15][16]. Conversely, the light commercial vehicle segment remains overlooked while it was identified as a key segment for several key reasons [17]: the fleet of vans is much larger than the truck fleet and keeps growing faster, vans are especially used in last miles and urban areas, and environmental impact per ton transported is especially high with vans.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

How to Improve the Total Cost of Ownership of Electric Vehicles: An Analysis of the Light Commercial Vehicle Segment

Lebeau

Macharis

Mierlo

2019

WEVJ

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Cathy.Macharis@vub.be (C.M.); Joeri.Van.Mierlo@vub.be (J.V.M.) 2 Flanders Make, 3001 Heverlee, BelgiumAbstract: This paper analyses how the total cost of ownership (TCO) of electric light commercial vehicles change with the number of kilometers driven, the period of ownership, the residual value of the battery, and different fiscal incentives, as well as a kilometer charging scheme. This paper demonstrates that a kilometer-based charge and reduced fiscal incentives for conventional vans can drastically improve the TCO of electric commercial light duty vehicles. Second life applications for batteries could also have a strong impact on the TCO of electric vans as they could retrieve a better residual value. Finally, the paper shows that the TCO of electric vans can be optimized based on its usage. These are important findings given the ambitious objective of carbon free city logistics by 2030. Adoption of electric vans remains very low and this paper offers an up to date analysis to stimulate the electrification of light commercial vehicles, a segment that is growing fast in city logistics.

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Assessing the cost-optimal mileage of medium-duty electric vehicles with a numeric simulation approach

Cited by 43 publications

References 18 publications

Experiences from Battery-Electric Truck Users in Norway

Experiences from Battery-Electric Truck Users in Norway

Decarbonisation of Urban Freight Transport Using Electric Vehicles and Opportunity Charging

How to Improve the Total Cost of Ownership of Electric Vehicles: An Analysis of the Light Commercial Vehicle Segment

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