Assessing the Coverage and Representativeness of the National Incident-Based Reporting System

2019

Crime & Delinquency

Research on offending has long noted the prevalence of co-offending, and researchers have argued that an important component of the decision to co-offend is the risk of arrest. Following this, the current research examines the group hazard, or the risk of arrest associated with co-offending, using National Incident-Based Reporting System (NIBRS) data. Results indicate that there is a hazard for robbery and homicide, whereas there is a negative relationship between co-offending and arrest for assault. Furthermore, arrest risk also varies significantly according to the group size and the demographic composition of groups. Taken together, the results suggest that the relationship between co-offending and arrest is complex, and heterogeneity in the relationship may be an important explanation for the contradictory results found in previous research.

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Co-Offending and Arrest: An Examination of the “Group Hazard” Hypothesis

2019

Crime & Delinquency

“…Altogether, 29.3% of the population is covered by NIBRS reporting or about 28% of crime in the United States (McCormack, Pattavina, & Tracy, 2017). Although the lack of complete agency participation somewhat limits the representativeness of the NIBRS data, they represent an excellent source of information for the current analysis for three primary reasons.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Co-offending Group Composition and Violence: The Impact of Sex, Age, and Group Size on Co-offending Violence

2019

Crime & Delinquency

Co-offenders commit more violent offenses than solo offenders, in part due to collective behavior processes that exacerbate behavior in groups. But, different co-offenders likely experience these processes differently. Following this, this research examines the relationship between co-offending, group sex and age composition, and violence using National Incident–Based Reporting System (NIBRS) data. Results indicate that male groups are more likely to seriously injure victims, but that sex composition matters most in small groups; in larger groups, serious injury is likely regardless of sex composition. Furthermore, age is related to violence such that the presence of more young adult offenders is associated with increased likelihood of serious injury. Taken together, this research suggests the importance of considering group composition in the situational production of group violence.

“…The NIBRS data were developed by the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) to improve upon the information reported in the Uniform Crime Reports (UCR). Currently, the NIBRS data include 29.3% of the U.S. population, or about 28% of crime in the United States (McCormack et al, 2017). While the lack of complete agency participation may somewhat limit the representativeness of the NIBRS data, these data represent an excellent source of information for the current analysis for two primary reasons.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Victim, Police, and Prosecutorial Responses to Same-Sex Intimate Partner Violence: A Comparative Approach

Journal of Contemporary Criminal Justice

2019

Research on intimate partner violence (IPV) and the criminal justice response to such incidents is extensive, but the majority of this research has focused on IPV perpetrated by men against women in heterosexual partnerships. Yet, recent research has indicated that the prevalence of IPV among LGB (lesbian, gay, and bisexual) individuals may be as high as or higher than that of the general population. At the same time, a significant body of research has examined police and prosecutorial responses to IPV; again, the overwhelming majority of this research has also focused on heterosexual partners. Following this, the current research uses National Incident-Based Reporting System (NIBRS) data to create dyads of both opposite-sex (i.e., male–female and female–male) and same-sex partners (i.e., male–male and female–female) to investigate the joint relationship between sex, sexual orientation, and three different criminal justice outcomes: victim refusal to cooperate with police, police decision to arrest, and the prosecutorial decision to deny a case.