Assessing the ecological relevance of swimming performance traits: a case study of bluegill sunfish (Lepomis macrochirus)

Ellerby, David J.; Berlin, Caroline G.; Cathcart, Kelsey; Dornon, Mary Kate; Feldman, Asher; Gee, Jessica K.; Moran, Clinton J.

doi:10.1007/s10452-018-9665-4

Cited by 4 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 66 publications

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“…Predefined categories were used to classify fish behaviours. In particular, fish were observed to be (a) sauntering: performing unsteady, non‐linear swimming, station‐holding or low‐speed manoeuvring (Ellerby et al ., 2018); (b) cruising: performing lineal swimming with steady tail beat frequency (Ellerby et al ., 2018; Piasente et al ., 2004); (c) foraging/feeding: scraping rocks, collecting food objects from their surroundings; (d) resting/immobile: station‐holding without any active fin movement, remaining motionless (Piasente et al ., 2004); and (e) fighting: having obvious aggressive encounters, such as biting attacks and fin pecking (Baenninger & Kraus, 1981; Katzir, 1981), towards conspecifics or heterospecifics (note that slight fin movements or minor threatening moves were not included here, as these can often be covert and require both experience, sometimes taxon‐specific related, and the ability to observe or record in controlled/filmed conditions, which could not be achieved in the sampling scheme realized). During the 5′ min behaviour transect, for each of these species, in case any group of individuals of this species was observed, the number of individuals per group (using the abundance classes mentioned earlier) was observed to demonstrate each behaviour.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Predefined categories were used to classify fish behaviours. In particular, fish were observed to be (a) sauntering: performing unsteady, non-linear swimming, station-holding or low-speed manoeuvring (Ellerby et al, 2018);…”

Section: Samplingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…(b) cruising: performing lineal swimming with steady tail beat frequency (Ellerby et al, 2018;Piasente et al, 2004); (c) foraging/feeding: scraping rocks, collecting food objects from their surroundings;…”

Section: Samplingmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Fish distribution and behaviour with regard to the time of day and the anthropogenic structural modification of the shallow littoral

Samourdani

Tzanatos

2022

Journal of Fish Biology

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The shallow littoral zone is under a variety of environmental drivers and anthropogenic pressures. As these factors are highly dynamic, they may affect the distribution and behaviour of littoral fish. The present study investigates the effect of the time of day and the benthic habitat type on the shallow littoral fish community. Diel variations in total fish abundance, community composition, species abundance and behaviour were studied in two neighbouring stations in the Patraikos Gulf (Greece): one with cobble seabed cover and another with anthropogenic habitat structural modifications, like large artificial blocks, rocks and other objects. Visual census revealed that community composition differed depending on both the time of day and the habitat type. Total abundance was highest in the morning, whereas both diel abundance and habitat use were found to be taxon specific, with most species showing a preference for the artificial rocky habitat. Diel differences in species behavioural patterns were also observed, with a greater percentage of fish being active during the day (morning and noon) rather than in the afternoon. Although the fish community does not change entirely within a day or between adjacent locations, it is significantly variable in even small spatial and temporal scales. Consequently, there are implications for the design and implementation of sampling designs and monitoring plans that should be consistent in time of day throughout the sampling period and include locations structurally modified by humans. Furthermore, the management of the shallow littoral zone should consider the small-scale variability and alternate anthropogenic habitat with natural unaltered patches.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Samplingmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Fish distribution and behaviour with regard to the time of day and the anthropogenic structural modification of the shallow littoral

Samourdani

Tzanatos

2022

Journal of Fish Biology

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“…The carangiform swimming pattern belies the subtler but substantial variation in forms, movements, and ecological roles that exists within this mode (7,20,29,30). For example, bluegill have a relatively deep trunk and shallow peduncle when viewed laterally, undulate only the posterior third of their bodies at a large amplitude (20), and are found in lakes, where they generally tend to hover or swim slowly (31,32). In comparison, brook trout have a relatively shallower trunk and deeper peduncle, undulate slightly more of their body at large amplitude (20), and live in running water where they swim often and at high speeds (33,34).…”

Section: Significancementioning

confidence: 99%

“…From their lifestyles, we might hypothesize that bluegill, which generally hover or swim slowly in still water or slowly flowing streams (20,31,32), do not produce thrust as effectively as trout, which spend much of their lives swimming (20,33,34), even though both swim in a similar way. If this hypothesis is correct, then what aspects of kinematics or body morphology in trout lead to more effective swimming?…”

Section: Thrust On the Posterior Body Comes From Both Positive And Negativementioning

confidence: 99%

Airfoil-like mechanics generate thrust on the anterior body of swimming fishes

Lucas

Lauder

Tytell

2020

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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The anterior body of many fishes is shaped like an airfoil turned on its side. With an oscillating angle to the swimming direction, such an airfoil experiences negative pressure due to both its shape and pitching movements. This negative pressure acts as thrust forces on the anterior body. Here, we apply a high-resolution, pressure-based approach to describe how two fishes, bluegill sunfish (Lepomis macrochirus Rafinesque) and brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis Mitchill), swimming in the carangiform mode, the most common fish swimming mode, generate thrust on their anterior bodies using leading-edge suction mechanics, much like an airfoil. These mechanics contrast with those previously reported in lampreys—anguilliform swimmers—which produce thrust with negative pressure but do so through undulatory mechanics. The thrust produced on the anterior bodies of these carangiform swimmers through negative pressure comprises 28% of the total thrust produced over the body and caudal fin, substantially decreasing the net drag on the anterior body. On the posterior region, subtle differences in body shape and kinematics allow trout to produce more thrust than bluegill, suggesting that they may swim more effectively. Despite the large phylogenetic distance between these species, and differences near the tail, the pressure profiles around the anterior body are similar. We suggest that such airfoil-like mechanics are highly efficient, because they require very little movement and therefore relatively little active muscular energy, and may be used by a wide range of fishes since many species have appropriately shaped bodies.

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Comparing the turn performance of different motor control schemes in multilink fish-inspired robots

2021

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Fish robots have many possible applications in exploration, industry, research, and continue to increase in design complexity, control, and the behaviors they can complete. Maneuverability is an important metric of fish robot performance, with several strategies being implemented. By far the most common control scheme for fish robot maneuvers is an offset control scheme, wherein the robot’s steady swimming is controlled by sinusoidal function and turns are generated biasing bending to one side or another. An early bio-inspired turn control scheme is based on the C-start escape response observed in live fish. We developed a control scheme that is based on the kinematics of routine maneuvers in live fish that we call the ‘pulse’, which is a pattern of increasing and decreasing curvature that propagates down the body. This pattern of curvature is consistent across a wide range of turn types and can be described with a limited number of variables. We compared the performance of turns using each of these three control schemes across a range of durations and bending amplitudes. We found that C-start and offset turns had the highest heading changes for a given set of inputs, whereas the bio-inspired pulse turns had the highest linear accelerations for a given set of inputs. However, pulses shift the conceptualization of swimming away from it being a continuous behavior towards it being an intermittent behavior that is built by combining individual bending events. Our bio-inspired pulse control scheme has the potential to increase the behavioral flexibility of bio-inspired robotic fish and solve some of the problems associated with integrating different swimming behaviors, despite lower maximal turning performance.

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Assessing the ecological relevance of swimming performance traits: a case study of bluegill sunfish (Lepomis macrochirus)

Cited by 4 publications

References 66 publications

Fish distribution and behaviour with regard to the time of day and the anthropogenic structural modification of the shallow littoral

Fish distribution and behaviour with regard to the time of day and the anthropogenic structural modification of the shallow littoral

Airfoil-like mechanics generate thrust on the anterior body of swimming fishes

Comparing the turn performance of different motor control schemes in multilink fish-inspired robots

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