Abstract-Rapid expansion and integration of wind energy is restrained due to transmission capacity constraints and conventional generation technologies limited operational flexibility in todays power systems. Energy storage is an attractive option to integrate and utilize more renewable energy without major and timely upgrade of existing transmission infrastructure. Also it can be considered as a mean for differing the reinforcement plans. The evaluation of energy storage deployment projects is a challenging task due to severe uncertainty of wind power generation. In this paper a robust techno-economic framework is proposed for energy storage evaluation based on Information Gap Decision Theory for handling wind generation uncertainty. The total social cost of the system including conventional generators' fuel and pollution cost and wind power curtailment cost is optimized considering generators operational constraints and transmission system capacity limitations based on the DC model of the power grid. The effect of storage devices on system performance is evaluated taking into account wind power uncertainty. The proposed method is conducted on the modified IEEE Reliability Test System (IEEE-RTS) and the modified IEEE 118 bus test system to assess its applicability and performance in midterm robust evaluation of energy storage implementation plans.Index Terms-DC optimal power flow, Storage devices, Transmission capacity constraints, Wind power generation, Information Gap Decision Theory.
NOMENCLATURE
Sets & Indices
Capacity of Wind turbine installed in busCharging/discharging efficiency of the energy storage unitCritical/opportunistic increase/decrease of base cost in RA/RS approach ($) ∆t Duration of time period t ag/bg/cg Fuel cost coefficient of thermal unit g P
I. INTRODUCTION A. Background and motivationsMany countries have long term plans to increase the share of renewable energy resources in their generation mix. Among these renewable resources there has been increasing interest to invest and integrate more wind power in to existing power systems. However, increasing the wind penetration introduces profound challenges to traditional operating and planning practices. These new challenges arise mainly because of the variable nature of wind energy which results in none optimal operation of electric power systems. Traditionally it is accepted that electricity supply and consumption must remain in instantaneous balance the opportunity to store electrical energy in storage devices may now change this paradigm. Wind power intermittency and variability requires other fast ramping power sources to balance the supply-demand equilibrium in power systems [1]. Because of limiting capacity of fast ramping generation technologies such as hydro and pumped storage power plants, significant integration of wind power to existing power infrastructure requires major system upgrades or implementing energy storage facilities [2]. Besides, using energy storage facilities will result in more utilization of existing assets and ...