Assessing the Effect of Land Use and Land Cover Changes on Land Surface Temperature in Jessore District, Bangladesh using Remote Sensing Techniques

Abstract

Urbanization has had a significant impact on global environmental change, with more than half of the population now living in cities. Rapid population growth and changes in land use and land cover (LULC) are closely linked, leading to significant impacts on ecosystems, habitats, and regional and local climates. The drastic changes in LULC resulting from rapid urban growth have played a major role in these impacts. The rise in urban surface temperature is a result of inadequate planning and uncontrolled management of land use and land cover changes. This study utilizes multi-temporal and multi-spectral Landsat 7 ETM and Landsat 8 OLI satellite data to analyze the impact of different land use and land cover changes on surface temperature in the Jessore region of Bangladesh for the years 2000, 2010, and 2020. The analysis of land use and land cover changes indicates a significant increase in populated areas, accompanied by a noticeable decrease in vegetation, aquatic land, and agricultural land. Over the past two decades, the built-up area of the study region has almost doubled. An analysis of changes in Land Surface Temperature (LST) reveals that the built-up parts experienced the most significant increase in temperature, followed by empty space, vegetation, farmland, and water bodies. The research LULC-LST profiles also showed that the degree of heat was highest in populated regions and lowest in water bodies. The LST has risen by about\(3^\circ\)C over the past 20 years. The research shows that the amount of vegetation in the study area is declining, while the amount of non-evaporating surfaces is increasing, and the surface temperature is significantly rising. Remote sensing is an effective method for quickly studying urban growth and determining how urbanization affects LST. The findings contributed to the establishment of a policy that promoted inclusive climate resilience and made Jessore more resilient to the effects of climate change by increasing knowledge about urban LST's relationship to LULC.