Assessing the Effect of Pharmacist Care on Diabetes-Related Outcomes in a Rural Outpatient Clinic: A Retrospective Case-Control Study

Abstract

Patients managed by a pharmacist diabetes clinic were more likely to experience improved diabetes-related outcomes, including A1C reduction ≥0.5%. Pharmacist care, when added to standard care, can improve outcomes for patients with T2DM in rural areas.

Pharmacist Impact on Treatment Intensification and Hemoglobin A1C in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus at an Academic Health Center

“…Higher baseline A1Cs in the pharmacist group have been reported in other studies evaluating pharmacist interventions on glycemic control in patients with T2DM as compared with UMC. 23,27 However, despite poorer control at baseline, the pharmacist intervention was associated with improved glycemic control in both studies. 23,27 Poorly controlled diabetes is a common reason for referral to the pharmacist-managed diabetes clinic at both sites in this study.…”

“…23,27 However, despite poorer control at baseline, the pharmacist intervention was associated with improved glycemic control in both studies. 23,27 Poorly controlled diabetes is a common reason for referral to the pharmacist-managed diabetes clinic at both sites in this study. This may make it difficult to ensure the PPM and UMC cohorts are equal due to bias by indication.…”

“…Matching criteria were selected based on existing literature of similar study designs evaluating pharmacist management of diabetes. 21,23 Data were received by the investigators with matching criteria applied, and only the raw sample size prior to matching was available.…”

Long-term Clinical and Cost Outcomes of a Pharmacist-managed Risk Factor Management Clinic in Singapore: An Observational Study

“…A sample size calculation was performed for this study. Based on a 0.5% difference in HbA 1c level, which was reported as the expected clinically significant HbA 1c reduction in the pharmacist-managed cohort 23 with an SD of 1.0%, 64 patients were required in each group to obtain a statistical power of 80% and a 2-sided type I error rate of 0.05.…”

Addressing Diabetes and Poorly Controlled Hypertension: Pragmatic mHealth Self-Management Intervention

“…The incidence and prevalence of diabetes and hypertension continue to disproportionately impact individuals who are minorities and/or of lower socioeconomic status populations [7-9]. Reasons for higher rates of diabetes and hypertension in these populations can include limited access to quality medical care, low health literacy, and lack of insurance [7,10,11]. These challenges and barriers to engaging in self-management place patients of lower socioeconomic status populations at risk for poorer health and adverse renal and cardiovascular outcomes [12].…”