Assessing the effect of PLA, cellulose microfibers and CaCO3 on the properties of starch-based foams using a factorial design

Moo-Tun, Nora M.; Iñiguez-Covarrubias, G.; Valadez-González, Alex

doi:10.1016/j.polymertesting.2020.106482

Cited by 33 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…The use of a FED to understand the relevance and possible interaction of the factors under study was used to contribute to the understanding of the biodegradation of HBCs when composting. As shown in previous studies [9,[47][48][49][50], a FED involves the study of the influence of multiple factors (independent variables) on an experimental response or responses (dependent variables) [46]. In this work, a full 2 2 factorial design with a central point was chosen, since this kind of FED is a rotatable orthogonal design that allows us to inspect the possible presence of curvature in the experimental region studied.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Cellulose and Cellulose Nanocrystal Contents on the Biodegradation, under Composting Conditions, of Hierarchical PLA Biocomposites

et al. 2021

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In this work, the effect of microfibrillated cellulose (MFC) and cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) on the biodegradation, under composting conditions, of hierarchical PLA biocomposites (HBCs) was studied using a full 22 factorial experimental design. The HBCs were prepared by extrusion processing and were composted for 180 days. At certain time intervals, the specimens were removed from the compost for their chemical, thermal and morphological characterizations. An ANOVA analysis was carried out at different composting times to study MFC and CNCs’ effects on biodegradation. The specimen’s mass loss and molecular weight loss were selected as independent variables. The results show that the presence of MFC enhances the PLA biodegradation, while with CNCs it decreases. However, when both cellulosic fibers are present, a synergistic effect was evident—i.e., in the presence of the MFC, the inclusion of the CNCs accelerates the HBCs biodegradation. Analysis of the ANOVA results confirms the relevance of the synergistic role between both cellulosic fibers over the HBC biodegradation under composting conditions. The results also suggest that during the first 90 days of incubation, the hydrolytic PLA degradation prevails, whereas, beyond that, the enzymatic microbial biodegradation dominates. The SEM results show MFC’s presence enhances the surface biodeterioration to a greater extent than the CNCs and that their simultaneous presence enhances PLA biodegradation. The SEM results also indicate that the biodegradation process begins from hydrophilic cellulosic fibers and promotes PLA biodegradation.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Cellulose and Cellulose Nanocrystal Contents on the Biodegradation, under Composting Conditions, of Hierarchical PLA Biocomposites

et al. 2021

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“…Although it was found that the highest rate of radial expansion was obtained in a treatment with the maximum percentage of flour (45%), it is known that starch is the main component of flours, but it also contains other minor components such as fibers, which plays an important role in physical and mechanical properties of the extruded foams [21], where the cellulosic or lignocellulosic fibers could increase the mechanical properties for their chemical compatibility with starch [22].…”

Section: Experimental Design Imentioning

confidence: 99%

Desarrollo de una matriz expandida elaborada a partir de almidón y harina de yuca por extrusión

Idrobo

Arboleda

Muñoz

et al. 2020

Biotecnol. sector agropecuario agroind.

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An expanded matrix was obtained from the simple screw extrusion process using a mixture of starch and cassava flour. Two experimental designs were made: the first design included two factors, cassava flour content and moisture percentage and the second design used two factors, temperature profile and screw speed. The respective combinations of the experimental designs that presented outstanding mechanical properties were the mixture with 15 % flour and 22 % humidity, at process conditions of 100 rpm and 125 °C. Under these conditions, an expanded material was obtained, which, presented a high density, low expansion index and high resistance to compression.

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“…Starch is a renewable, inexpensive biodegradable material that can be used as an alternative to traditional foams. However, starch foams have low mechanical properties and high sensitivity to moisture, and lack the functional properties required for cushioning or packaging materials 4–6 . Therefore, the mechanical properties of starch foams need to be further improved.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, starch foams have low mechanical properties and high sensitivity to moisture, and lack the functional properties required for cushioning or packaging materials. [4][5][6] Therefore, the mechanical properties of starch foams need to be further improved. There have been many methods to modify starch-based foams to improve their properties, such as modification of starch itself or addition of nano-fillers, natural fibers, and polymers.…”

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confidence: 99%

Enhanced properties of starch based foams with modified starch/polyester blend as masterbatch

Shi

Zhu

et al. 2022

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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Starch/PBAT blends were reactively extruded as masterbatch with the addition of tartaric acid (TA) and epoxide chain extender ADR4468 (ADR). The effects of tartaric acid and chain extender on the mechanical properties and structure of starch/PBAT blends were evaluated. The tensile strength of starch/PBAT blends with TA and TA/ADR increased by 31.4% and 85.6%, respectively. Further, starch, plasticizer, and blowing agent were melt extruded with this blend masterbatch, and the effects of masterbatch on the foamability, morphology, and properties of starch foams were investigated. When the masterbatch content was 10 phr, the obtained foam had the lowest apparent density (445.1 kg m−3), and the compressive strength, recovery, and water resistance of the foam were also improved significantly.

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Assessing the effect of PLA, cellulose microfibers and CaCO3 on the properties of starch-based foams using a factorial design

Cited by 33 publications

References 38 publications

Effect of Cellulose and Cellulose Nanocrystal Contents on the Biodegradation, under Composting Conditions, of Hierarchical PLA Biocomposites

Effect of Cellulose and Cellulose Nanocrystal Contents on the Biodegradation, under Composting Conditions, of Hierarchical PLA Biocomposites

Desarrollo de una matriz expandida elaborada a partir de almidón y harina de yuca por extrusión

Enhanced properties of starch based foams with modified starch/polyester blend as masterbatch

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