“…As such, the gridded two‐dimensional (2D) character of a CA environment makes it conducive to the simulation of urban sprawl. Several studies have utilized the simulation power of CA to investigate future patterns of urban sprawl with sophisticated calibration methods (Abolhasani & Taleai, 2020; Alaei Moghadam, Karimi, & Habibi, 2018; Charif, Omrani, Abdallah, & Pijanowski, 2017; Kantakumar, Kumar, & Schneider, 2016; Lin & Li, 2016; Momeni & Antipova, 2020; Zhang, Wang, He, & Xia, 2020). The bottom‐up approach of CA does not provide insight into how urban patterns were formed or which processes of the coupled human–environment system in metropolitan regions underpin such patterns (Batty, 2005; Benenson & Torrens, 2004; Wu & Silva, 2010).…”