Assessing the efficacy of Duddingtonia flagrans chlamydospores per gram of faeces to control Haemonchus contortus larvae

Ojeda-Robertos, Nadia Florencia; Torres-Acosta, J.F.J.; Aguilar-Caballero, A.J.; Ayala-Burgos, A. J.; Cob-Galera, L.A.; Sandoval-Castro, C.A.; Barrientos-Medina, Roberto C.; Gives, Pedro Mendoza de

doi:10.1016/j.vetpar.2008.08.022

Cited by 28 publications

(16 citation statements)

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“…Their suggestions were not confirmed in quantitative terms. However, the reduction in the number of spores due to digestion in the GIT seems to be an important factor in explaining the performance of D. flagrans when used in vivo [10,11]. …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The capacity of chlamydospores to bypass the ruminant digestion process has been based on in vitro observations using qualitative assessments of chlamydospore resistance (presence or absence of fungal specific features). However, currently it is possible to count the chlamydospores reaching the faeces [10,11]. Such chlamydospores can be considered as non-digested spores.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Digestibility of Duddingtonia flagrans chlamydospores in ruminants: in vitro and in vivo studies

et al. 2009

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BackgroundThe use of Duddingtonia flagrans as a tool for the biological control of gastrointestinal nematodes (GIN) is a promising alternative to anthelmintics. The chlamydospores of D. flagrans are orally dosed and their thick cell wall gives them the capacity to resist digestion and pass through the gastrointestinal tract (GIT). Chlamydospores reaching the faeces are able to germinate and trap nematode larvae. The efficacy of this control method is based on reducing the numbers of infective larvae leaving the faeces. Techniques have recently been developed for quantifying the numbers of chlamydospores in faeces. As the number of non-digested spores could be relevant in the design and optimization of dosing programmes for the control of GIN infective larvae, the aim of the present study was to estimate the loss of D. flagrans chlamydospores during their passage through the ruminant gastrointestinal tract using in vitro and in vivo techniques.ResultsAfter in vitro rumen digestion, chlamydospore recovery was not different from the quantity originally incubated (undigested spores) (P > 0.05). In vitro rumen+abomasum digestion caused nearly 36% loss of the chlamydospores originally incubated (P < 0.05). Germination of chlamydospores classified as viable was 24.3%. Chlamydospores classified as non-viable did not germinate. Rumen digestion resulted in more spore germination (R1 = 35.7% and R2 = 53.3%) compared to no digestion (time 0 h = 8.7%). Subsequent abomasal digestion reduced germination (R1+A = 25%) or stopped it (R2+A = 0%). In vivo apparent chlamydospore digestibility in sheep showed a loss of 89.7% of the chlamydospores (P < 0.05).ConclusionsThe loss of chlamydospores was evident under in vitro and in vivo conditions. Negligible amounts of spores were lost during the in vitro rumen digestion. However, in vitro rumen+abomasum digestion resulted in a chlamydospore loss of approximately 36%. In vivo passage through the sheep GIT resulted in a total loss of 89.7% of the orally administered spores.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Digestibility of Duddingtonia flagrans chlamydospores in ruminants: in vitro and in vivo studies

et al. 2009

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“…Briefly, fecal samples of each animal were collected individually directly from the rectum before morning feeding on day 0 (pre-extract administration), and thereafter on days 1, 20, 40, and 60 after the first administration of the extract (on day 0). Fecal samples were evaluated for the presence of worm eggs or Eimeria oocysts by a salt flotation technique (MAFF 1979), and afterwards the parasite load was quantified using the McMaster method (Ojeda-Robertos et al 2008). Fecal pellets were collected, weighed, and 1 g of feces was mixed with 60 mL of a saturated salt (NaCl) solution.…”

Section: Parasitology Testmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tree leaves of Salix babylonica extract as a natural anthelmintic for small-ruminant farms in a semiarid region in Mexico

et al. 2016

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Your article is protected by copyright and all rights are held exclusively by Springer Science +Business Media Dordrecht. This e-offprint is for personal use only and shall not be selfarchived in electronic repositories. If you wish to self-archive your article, please use the accepted manuscript version for posting on your own website. You may further deposit the accepted manuscript version in any repository, provided it is only made publicly available 12 months after official publication or later and provided acknowledgement is given to the original source of publication and a link is inserted to the published article on Springer's website. The link must be accompanied by the following text: "The final publication is available at link.springer.com".

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“…Additionally, direct spraying might allow for the determination of the ideal amount of conidia to be used in each area based on regional epidemiological studies. Studies carried out by Ojeda-Robertos et al (2008a) suggest setting fungal dose based on the number of EPG, with a ratio of 5 chlamydospores per gram of faeces (CPG) per 10 EPG.…”

Section: Analysis Ofmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of spraying Arthrobotrys conoides conidia on pastures to control nematode infection in sheep

et al. 2015

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The effect of spraying pastures with conidia of the fungus Arthrobotrys conoides (GenBank ID: JN191309) for the biological control of gastrointestinal nematode infection-pressure in lambs was assessed. A 12,000-m 2 area was divided into six 2,000-m 2 fenced areas. Two groups were formed: the treatment group comprised three fenced areas, where conidia were sprayed on the pasture weekly at 7.5 x 10 4 conidia m -2 ; and the control group, also comprising three fenced areas, where conidia were not sprayed. The pastures included lopsided oat (Avena strigosa Schreb) and Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.). Five naturally infected lambs, were placed between July and September in each fenced area. The effectiveness of biological control was assessed between May and September 2009 by counting the number of third-stage larvae (L3) in each pasture. Additionally, the egg output of the sentinel animals was monitored by counting the number of gastrointestinal nematode eggs per gram of faeces (EPG) and the average weight gain was measured. The negative impact on soil was assessed by counting the number of free-living nematodes and phytonematodes. The number of gastrointestinal nematode larvae in the treated pastures decreased. This was significant at two examination days (end August and end of September). At the end of the study, conidia treatment reduced gastrointestinal nematodes on pasture by 52.4% compared to the control group; this difference was statistically significant. Regarding the whole examination period the average reductions in EPG in treatment group was 49.1% compared to the control group. The most common genera of gastrointestinal nematodes were Haemonchus and Trichostrongylus. Animal weight gain and soil nematode counts did not differ significantly.

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Assessing the efficacy of Duddingtonia flagrans chlamydospores per gram of faeces to control Haemonchus contortus larvae

Cited by 28 publications

References 12 publications

Digestibility of Duddingtonia flagrans chlamydospores in ruminants: in vitro and in vivo studies

Digestibility of Duddingtonia flagrans chlamydospores in ruminants: in vitro and in vivo studies

Tree leaves of Salix babylonica extract as a natural anthelmintic for small-ruminant farms in a semiarid region in Mexico

Effect of spraying Arthrobotrys conoides conidia on pastures to control nematode infection in sheep

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