Assessing the Environmental and Health Implications of Waste Disposal: A Case Study of Africa's Largest Dumping Site

Abstract

This study investigates the environmental and health repercussions of generated and distributed waste stemming from dumpsites scattered across various Sub-Saharan Africa countries. Through a comprehensive examination of data gleaned from scholarly databases, published reports, to analyze the characteristics and impacts of dumpsites on the environment and public health; key findings illuminate the profound challenges posed by these dumpsites. Notably, large dumpsites such as Olusosun in Nigeria, Dandora in Kenya, and Agbogbloshie in Ghana emerge as focal points due to their staggering size and heightened risk profiles and the significant risk to nearby communities. The analysis underscores pervasive issues including air and water contamination, soil degradation, and the propagation of diseases within nearby communities. There are indications of progress and improvements being made in some dumpsites, and initiatives such as waste-to-energy projects, recycling programs, and community-driven interventions are emerging to address these challenges and mitigate the adverse effects of dumpsites on surrounding environments and human health. Considering these findings, recommendations are put forth for bolstering waste management strategies, advocating for meticulous site selection, promoting waste segregation practices, and fostering community engagement. These measures are essential to mitigate the adverse effects of dumpsites, safeguard environmental integrity, and uphold public health standards across the African continent.

Problems and Possible Solutions to Municipal Solid Waste Management in Malawi Urban Areas – An Overview

“…Research conducted by Omokaro et al [22] highlights that in Sub-Saharan Africa, 16 unregulated dumpsites are situated near natural resources, particularly water sources and human settlements, leading to significant environmental and health concerns. In Malawi, approximately 22% of the country's surface area is covered by lakes, rivers, and wetlands.…”

“…9. Provision of Dumpsite/Landfills: According to Omokaro et al [22], dumpsites are essentially unregulated areas designated for the disposal of solid waste, often lacking proper management and environmental safeguards. They serve as on-land dumping grounds where waste is haphazardly disposed of without adequate containment or protection measures.…”

Food Waste and Loss Management - Causes, Effects and Possible Solutions from A Nigeria Context

“…Food waste dumpsite can bring about water contamination and even leachate. According to Omokaro et al (2024a), waterborne diseases like cholera and dysentery which can spread through contaminated water sources, impacting communities relying on them for drinking and sanitation.…”