Assessing the extent of state regulation of surveying professions in Kenya

K'Akumu, Owiti A.

doi:10.1080/00396265.2022.2038054

Cited by 3 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…The RICS approach bases the profession in surveying, although the profession is not entirely surveying. Here, surveying applies in a broad perspective that involves taking measurements in the field (K'Akumu, 2023). In this context, real estate has to be measured, and dimensions of units to be sold, let or managed known, to establish the economic basis of the transactions.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Space (in the form of natural or built environments) is a physical dimension that can be measured. This measurement is technically known as surveying, hence the association of the real estate with the surveying profession and its location in the school of the built environment (K'Akumu, 2023). The capital markets, on the other hand, engender financial trading and capital investment hence association with the business school.…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

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What is real estate? Five ontological questions for the discipline

K'Akumu

2023

JERER

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PurposeThe study seeks to identify and document definitional challenges that hamper the delineation of the scope of real estate as a discipline and as an industry. Through literature review the article distils the perception of body of knowledge (BOK) of real estate within the academia. Two main issues are flagged up: the problem of undefined BOK and the collegiate dilemma. Later the study looks at the standard economic classification documents to capture the occupational domains of real estate professionals or real estate activities. These steps are necessary to help define an alternative academic, practical and social meaning of real estate that is sufficient and precise.Design/methodology/approachThe study uses literature review and, as primary method, qualitative document analysis (QDA). The study has made a special appeal for the application of qualitative strategy in real estate research other than following the methodological orthodoxy of quantitative causal research designs. Further, it has argued for the recognition of QDA as a legitimate research method in the context of real estate studies. Consequently, the study performed QDA procedures on international economic classification standards.FindingsFrom literature review and QDA, the study identified five definitional problems in the meanings or understandings of real estate: undefined body of knowledge, collegiate dilemma, inadequate classification of real estate occupations, inadequate industry classification and inadequate economic sector positioning. These are aspects that lead to misconceptions of the true boundary of knowledge in society and in the academia. The paper offers clarity and insights for the redrawing of these boundaries to give real estate its rightful place in the academia and in the real world.Originality/valueThe article follows up on the academic and social misconceptions on the BOK of real estate as a discipline and an economic activity domain to identify the contribution of real estate to the welfare of mankind. Ontology or the organization of academic or social knowledge is used to map out or catalogue real estate against competing domains and to show that the role of real estate is grossly understated and misunderstood. From the findings, the study makes recommendations to university curriculum developers, and international organizations like ILO, and UN-DESA to revise their conceptions of real estate to give the discipline its rightful position in society.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

What is real estate? Five ontological questions for the discipline

K'Akumu

2023

JERER

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“…The boards are handling everything including development of curricula, administration of entry examinations. These are some of the functions that could be delegated to the professional associations in a co-regulation arrangement (K’Akumu 2022d), or what Kaye (2006) calls regulated (self-)regulation. Further, it is not good practice in terms of effective governance that the boards should function as rule setting, rule implementing, rule policing and rule jurying all rolled into one.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There are four modes of professional services regulation: regulation by state/government, self-regulation (Bayles 1986; Des Places 2006; K’Akumu 2022d; Law and Kim 2004; Lombardi 1986; Olgiati 1997; Van Den Bergh 1997; Van Den Bergh and Faure 1991), regulation by private agencies (Garoupa 2004) and regulated (self-)regulation (Kaye 2006). Self-regulation is the mode where professionals take control of the regulations to oversee their own activities.…”

Section: Capture Risks In the Regulation Of Professionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessing Capture Risks in the Regulatory Mechanism: Insights from Kenya’s Regulation of Professionals in the Construction Labour Market

K'Akumu

2022

Journal of Infrastructure Development

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The article draws academic attention to capture risks in the regulatory statutes that may lead to capture by regulators. It takes a practical outlook of Kenya for empirical demonstration of the statute-based capture risks. The article uses the Regulatory Impact Assessment (RIA) framework to identify the risk factors in the regulatory environment for professions involved in real estate development, that is, architects, engineers and quantity surveyors. The OECD Reference Checklist for Regulatory Decision-making is used as a reference point in identifying risk analysis as a candidate of inclusion in the checklist for purposes of improvement in regulatory outcomes. Document analysis is used to make observations on the statutes and generate data for qualitative analysis and interpretation. Capture risks are identified in terms of composition of regulatory boards that include powerful public servants. Exclusion of relevant stakeholders in the regulation of professions, inclusion of extraprofessional regulations and uncontrolled legislative powers are other sources of risk of regulatory capture. The article gives central focus to the capture by regulators. Existing regulatory capture literature predominantly consider regulatory capture by private or special interest groups.

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What is the motivation? The political economy of engineers regulation in Kenya

K'Akumu

2023

African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Developm

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Assessing the extent of state regulation of surveying professions in Kenya

Cited by 3 publications

References 20 publications

What is real estate? Five ontological questions for the discipline

What is real estate? Five ontological questions for the discipline

Assessing Capture Risks in the Regulatory Mechanism: Insights from Kenya’s Regulation of Professionals in the Construction Labour Market

What is the motivation? The political economy of engineers regulation in Kenya

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