Assessing the genotoxicities of sparteine and compounds isolated from Lupinus mexicanus and L. montanus seeds by using comet assay

Silva, M R; Alvarez, C.M.; Garcia, Patrice; Ruiz, Mario Alberto

doi:10.4238/2014.december.12.12

Cited by 6 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…A small increase in breaks was observed at a single dose. In the same study, ethanol extracts from L. mexicanus and L. montanus increased SSBs in the same cells at all tested concentrations, but with no dose dependency (Silva et al., ). The CONTAM Panel noted the limitations of the study, i.e.…”

Section: Assessmentmentioning

confidence: 85%

“…injection: 635 mg/kg bw sampling time: 24 h and 48 hNegativeDose corresponding to 50% of LD 50 SparteineCommercialSSBs by Comet assayTradescantia (clone 4430)0.01, 0.1, 0.5, 1 mM Positive: Only at 0.5 mM Non‐standard test No dose response Silva et al. ()Extracts L. mexicanus and L. montanus Ethanol extractionSSBs by Comet assayTradescantia (clone 4430)0.01, 0.1, 0.5, 1 mM Positive: All dosesNo dose response…”

Section: Appendix H – Hazard Identification and Characterisationmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Scientific opinion on the risks for animal and human health related to the presence of quinolizidine alkaloids in feed and food, in particular in lupins and lupin‐derived products

Schrenk¹,

Bodin²,

Chipman³

et al. 2019

EFS2

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The European Commission asked EFSA for a scientific opinion on the risks for animal and human health related to the presence of quinolizidine alkaloids (QAs) in feed and food. This risk assessment is limited to QAs occurring in Lupinus species/varieties relevant for animal and human consumption in Europe (i.e. Lupinus albus L., Lupinus angustifolius L., Lupinus luteus L. and Lupinus mutabilis Sweet). Information on the toxicity of QAs in animals and humans is limited. Following acute exposure to sparteine (reference compound), anticholinergic effects and changes in cardiac electric conductivity are considered to be critical for human hazard characterisation. The CONTAM Panel used a margin of exposure (MOE) approach identifying a lowest single oral effective dose of 0.16 mg sparteine/kg body weight as reference point to characterise the risk following acute exposure. No reference point could be identified to characterise the risk of chronic exposure. Because of similar modes of action for QAs, the CONTAM Panel used a group approach assuming dose additivity. For food, the highest mean concentration of Total QAs (TotQAs) (i.e. the 6 most abundant QAs) was found in lupin seed samples classified as 'Lupins (dry) and similar-'. Due to the limited data on occurrence and consumption, dietary exposure was calculated for some specific scenarios and no full human health risk characterisation was possible. The calculated margin of exposures (MOEs) may indicate a risk for some consumers. For example, when lupin seeds are consumed without a debittering step, or as debittered lupin seeds high in QA content and when 'lupin-based meat imitates' are consumed. For horses, companion and farm animals, other than salmonids, the available database on adverse effects was too limited to identify no-observed-adverse-effect levels and/or lowest-observed-adverse-effect levels and no risk characterisation was possible. For salmonids, the CONTAM Panel considers the risk for adverse effects to be low.This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NoDerivs License, which permits use and distribution in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited and no modifications or adaptations are made.The EFSA Journal is a publication of the European Food Safety Authority, an agency of the European Union. Quinolizidine alkaloids in feed and food www.efsa.europa.eu/efsajournal 2 EFSA Journal 2019;17(11):5860 Quinolizidine alkaloids in feed and food www.efsa.europa.eu/efsajournal 3 EFSA Journal 2019;17(11):5860lupanine or 13a-OH-lupanine (each equivalent to 0.14 mg/kg bw for a person with a body weight of 70 kg). Human cases of poisoning with lupin seeds are infrequent and rarely lead to a fatal outcome. However, case reports of poisoning in children suggest that these are more susceptible to intoxication than adults, and doses of lupin alkaloids from 10 mg/kg bw onwards may be lethal. Intoxication have been associated with inadequate debittering of lupin seeds by consumers, while no case of poisoning has been...

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Section: Assessmentmentioning

confidence: 85%

Section: Appendix H – Hazard Identification and Characterisationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Scientific opinion on the risks for animal and human health related to the presence of quinolizidine alkaloids in feed and food, in particular in lupins and lupin‐derived products

Schrenk¹,

Bodin²,

Chipman³

et al. 2019

EFS2

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“…However, a comet assay in staminal nuclei of Tradescantia demonstrated that sparteine sulfate exhibits genotoxic activity at 0.5 mM (but not at 0.01, 0.1 or 1.0 mM doses). The authors of this study concluded that the comet assay used to study the genotoxicity of sparteine sulfate [51] is desirable only to study very low concentrations of compound.…”

Section: Pharmacology Of Sparteinementioning

confidence: 99%

Sparteine as an anticonvulsant drug: Evidence and possible mechanism of action

Villalpando-Vargas

Medina‐Ceja

2016

Seizure

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Sparteine is a quinolizidine alkaloid extracted from Lupinus that has numerous pharmacological properties both in humans and animal models. In the central nervous system, sparteine reduces locomotor activity, has light analgesic effects, also has no effects on short-term memory or spatial learning and does not induce changes in behavior or electroencephalographic (EEG) activity. However, the anticonvulsant profile of sparteine is not fully characterized in experimental animals and there are no data in humans. Therefore, the present review focuses on the experimental evidence supporting the anticonvulsant action of sparteine in models of acute seizures and status epilepticus (SE), as well as its possible mechanisms of action. The evidence that supports the anticonvulsant effect of (-)-Sparteine sulfate includes the inhibition of seizures induced by maximal electro-stimulation, a delay in the onset of convulsive behavior and the prolongation of survival time in mice treated with pentylenetetrazole (PTZ). Additionally, sparteine delays the onset of convulsive behavior and decreases the severity and mortality of rats treated with PTZ and pilocarpine. Sparteine decreases amplitude and frequency or blocks the epileptiform activity induced by PTZ, pilocarpine and kainic acid. Sparteine may decrease hyperexcitability through the activation of the M2 and M4 subtypes of mAChRs, which is a probable mechanism of action that together with its systemic effects may favor its anticonvulsant effects against seizures and SE.

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“…The alkaline comet assay, developed by Singh et al (1988), is very efficient at detecting genotoxic agents (Belpaeme & Kirsch-Volders, 1998;Koppen & Verschaeve, 1996;Nacci et al, 1996), and is ideal for assessing the antigenotoxicity, and antimutagenicity activities (Gasiorowski & Brokos, 2001;Pesarini et al, 2013;Reynoso et al, 2014;Roy et al, 2003;Sondhi et al, 2010).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antigenotoxic and antimutagenic activities of Psittacanthus calyculatus (Loranthaceae) leaves water extract

Silva¹,

Alvarez-Moya²,

Landeros-Gutierrez³

et al. 2022

NRFHH

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Mistletoe (Psittacanthus calyculatus) is used for the prevention and treatment of numerous diseases. Samples of leaves from P. calyculatus were collected in April of 2019, and prepared an aqueous extract. The extract was lyophilized, and its polyphenols, flavonoids, and anthocyanins content were determined. Then, concentrations of lyophilized extract were prepared (5, 50 and 100 ppm) and assessed their antigenotoxic, antimutagenic and genotoxicity activities in human lymphocytes were evaluated using the comet assay system. The dry aqueous extract contained 73.54 mg of polyphenols AGE per g sample, 39.37 mg of flavonoid CE per g, and 0.1 mg of anthocyanins Cy-3-gluc E per g. No significant genotoxic activity was observed, with the exception of the concentration of 100 ppm at 10 hours of exposure (p <0.05). There was also significant (p <0.05) antigenotoxic and antimutagenic activity (p <0.05). Clearly, low concentrations and short-duration exposures to lyophilized P. calyculatus do not induce genetic damage; however, high concentrations are genotoxic. The antigenotoxic and antimutagenic effects were due to a protective effect not only against induced DNA damage but also against basal genetic damage.

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Assessing the genotoxicities of sparteine and compounds isolated from Lupinus mexicanus and L. montanus seeds by using comet assay

Cited by 6 publications

References 20 publications

Scientific opinion on the risks for animal and human health related to the presence of quinolizidine alkaloids in feed and food, in particular in lupins and lupin‐derived products

Scientific opinion on the risks for animal and human health related to the presence of quinolizidine alkaloids in feed and food, in particular in lupins and lupin‐derived products

Sparteine as an anticonvulsant drug: Evidence and possible mechanism of action

Antigenotoxic and antimutagenic activities of <i>Psittacanthus calyculatus</i> (Loranthaceae) leaves water extract

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