Assessing the habitat and functional connectivity around fenced ecosanctuaries in New Zealand

Burge, Olivia R.; Innes, John; Fitzgerald, Neil; Guo, Jing; Etherington, Thomas R.; Richardson, Sarah J.

doi:10.1016/j.biocon.2020.108896

Cited by 10 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 54 publications

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“…At these sites, factors other than predation -probably food or habitat scarcity -may be secondarily limiting, or co-limiting, kererū. For example, Rotoiti Mainland Island is comprised entirely of beech forest, which is not high-quality habitat for kererū (Burge et al 2021). Supplementary feeding experiments at these sites would test this hypothesis.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Second, the low reproductive rate of kererū means that there may be a considerable lag before increased numbers of kererū are observed in sanctuaries. Finally, kererū are highly mobile, with home ranges as large as 31 732 ha (Powlesland et al 2011) and excellent ability to cross habitat gaps (Burge et al 2021). These factors make the interpretation of responses to management difficult: the kererū detected at non-treatment sites may be the same individuals detected in sanctuaries.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Factors limiting kererū (Hemiphaga novaeseelandiae) populations across New Zealand

Carpenter¹,

Walker²,

Monks³

et al. 2021

NZJE

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Kererū declined rapidly following European settlement in New Zealand, and they remain at a reduced density. We assessed three sources of information to test the hypothesis that predation by introduced mammals and abundance of food resources are the two major factors determining kererū abundance across New Zealand. First, we reviewed the literature on factors affecting the vital rates of kererū. This analysis showed that predation is the cause of most nest failures and deaths in kererū. Second, we examined data from a major database of bird sanctuary outcomes across New Zealand to evaluate long-term responses of kererū to intensive pest control at local scales. Kererū detections did not always increase following predator control, which suggests that food supply or forest area may be more important limiting factors at some sanctuaries. Third, to understand the factors underlying temporal and spatial kererū distribution patterns at a national scale, we assessed changes and patterns in kererū local occupancy through time using data from the 1969–1979 and 1999–2004 editions of the Atlas of Bird Distribution in New Zealand. Specifically, we asked (1) whether there have been declines in kererū occupancy between the two Atlases, and (2) how patterns of kererū occupancy relate to indigenous forest cover, temperature, urbanisation, and forest type (podocarp or beech dominated). Kererū occupancy remained stable across the North Island between the two time periods but declined in the South Island. Across both islands and time periods, kererū occupancy decreased significantly as forest cover decreased, which suggests that forest availability is still a major limiting factor across some parts of New Zealand. Overall, our results support previous studies showing that predation by introduced mammals is the primary limiting factor for kererū in forests, but also highlight the importance of forest area and food supply for kererū recovery.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Factors limiting kererū (Hemiphaga novaeseelandiae) populations across New Zealand

Carpenter¹,

Walker²,

Monks³

et al. 2021

NZJE

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“…Ecosanctuaries may eventually provide source individuals to colonise a mammal predator-free landscape (Parkes et al 2017;Parker et al 2022), but many ecosanctuaries have little high-quality habitat around them and poor connectivity to it. The extra isolation of peninsula-fenced ecosanctuaries that protects them against invading pests also isolates them from connected habitats suitable for dispersing gap-limited birds (Burge et al 2021). Ecosanctuaries may benefit from isolation in the short term because emigration of threatened birds is limited, but connectivity to adjacent forests is desirable in the long term.…”

Section: Conservation Objectives and Roles For Corridors Ecosanctuari...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…High-quality habitat in fragmented landscapes is only useful if birds can reach it (Burge et al 2017(Burge et al , 2021. Individuals may recolonise unoccupied sites by dispersal from intensively managed ecosanctuaries if the species can make the journey (e.g.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Individuals may recolonise unoccupied sites by dispersal from intensively managed ecosanctuaries if the species can make the journey (e.g. Ortiz-Catedral & Brunton 2010;Burge et al 2021), or by translocation if not (Miskelly & Powlesland 2013;Armstrong et al 2015). Without connectivity, habitat may remain unoccupied despite other local restoration efforts (Taylor et al 1993;Gilbert-Norton et al 2010;Gregory & Beier 2014).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Movements and habitat connectivity of New Zealand forest birds: a review of available data

Innes¹,

Miskelly²,

Armstrong³

et al. 2022

NZJE

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New Zealand's original forested landscape has been greatly fragmented since human arrival, limiting connectivity and habitat quality for forest-dependent fauna. We review the limited available information about forest bird movement behaviour, especially whole-year sociality and movement, natal dispersal, and pasture-and water-gap crossing. Most small insectivores (17 species) and North Island kōkako are territorial year-round, but frugivore-nectivores (three species), raptors (two species), and volant parrots (four species) can be highly mobile, presumably to find scattered food. Natal dispersal is the main behaviour by which birds find new habitats and mates, but natal dispersal distances are unknown for half the species we review. There is limited information about species' ability to cross gaps between forests, and more is known about movement over water than pasture. We classify four species (North Island kōkako, pōpokotea, South Island tīeke, and North Island brown kiwi) as strongly gap limited, defined as currently unknown to cross water or pasture gaps larger than 500 m. A further eight species (mohua, tītitipounamu, pīpipi, weka, North Island tīeke, kakaruai, toutouwai, and miromiro) are moderately gap-limited, with maximum observed gap-crossing distances of less than 5 km. Pending new data, these twelve species have most need of corridors or translocations to enable them to establish in new, safe, ecosanctuary sites. Habitat connectivity can be increased by strategic planting, but this also risks decreasing populations if birds emigrate from safe to unsafe sites. Many managed ecosanctuaries are too small to accommodate natal dispersal distances expected in continuous forest, so pest control is required at larger scale in the long term to restore natural movement patterns.

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Agents or stewards? Non‐profit organisations managing visitation: The case of New Zealand ecosanctuaries

Albrecht

Haid

Faisal

2022

Journal of Tourism Research

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This study identifies the management functions performed in non‐profit ecosanctuaries relevant to tourism in New Zealand. Following a pragmatic qualitative approach, semi‐structured interviews in and pertaining to eco‐sanctuaries were conducted. The findings are contextualised using principal‐agent and stewardship theory. The results reveal that non‐profit ecosanctuaries fulfil various functions alongside their core tasks, restoration and conservation. These are education and engagement with the volunteers, local community, and external stakeholders. Dependence on external funding and support is crucial for ecosanctuary management decision‐making. Lack of funding, among other factors, means that, in some instances, non‐profit organisations go beyond their core mandate by adding tourism as a commercial component to their activities. In doing so, these organisations commit to and undertake tasks such as visitor management, visitor impact management and tourism product development. Abstracta Diese Studieidentifiziert tourismusrelevante Managementfunktionen in lokalen non‐profit Naturschutzgebieten (‘ecosanctuaries’) in Neuseeland. QualitativeDaten wurden in Interviews erhoben. Die Ergebnisse werden mithilfe von principal‐agent theory sowie stewardship theory erklärt und kontextualisiert. Neben den Kernaufgaben in Renaturierung und Konservierung werdentourismusrelevante Funktionen in Bildung, Einbindung freiwilliger Mitarbeiter, lokaler Gruppen, sowie externer Akteure wahrgenommen. Die Abhängigkeit vonexterner Finanzierung und Unterstützung beeinflusst Entscheidungen des Managementsund bestimmt die Priorisierung von Naturschutz oder Tourismusfunktionen. Mangelnde Finanzierung führt neben anderen Faktoren dazu, dass gemeinnützige Organisationen in einigen Fällen über ihr Kernmandat hinausgehen, indem sie denTourismus als kommerzielle Komponente zu ihren Aktivitäten hinzufügen. Dabeiverpflichten sich diese Organisationen zu Aufgaben wie Besuchermanagementund/oder Produktentwicklung.

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Assessing the habitat and functional connectivity around fenced ecosanctuaries in New Zealand

Cited by 10 publications

References 54 publications

Factors limiting kererū (Hemiphaga novaeseelandiae) populations across New Zealand

Factors limiting kererū (Hemiphaga novaeseelandiae) populations across New Zealand

Movements and habitat connectivity of New Zealand forest birds: a review of available data

Agents or stewards? Non‐profit organisations managing visitation: The case of New Zealand ecosanctuaries

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