Assessing the Impact of Cross-Border DSM on Power Transfers in a Regional Transmission System

Frequency regulation and congestion management by Virtual Storage Plants

“…The dynamic relationship between the VSP power P s and the reference u s can be approximated by a first-order system whose time constant, T s = 1/λ 2 , is determined by the dominated pole of the communication network. The parameters CA s , η s and T s shape the dynamics of a VSP in the same form as the dynamics of a generic storage units as in (2). The VSP power and energy capacity are the sum of its storage members' power and energy capacities, respectively, under the SoC synchronized control.…”

“…Reduced unit price and increased flexibility bring profits to storage owners via such market participation. This attracts further investments for the advancement of storage technologies [1,2].…”