Assessing the Impact of Geographical Distribution and Genetic Diversity on Metabolic Profiles of a Medicinal Plant, Embelia ribes Burm. f.

Abstract

The extensive use of Embelia ribes Burm. f. (Embelia) in tribal medicine proclaimed global attention as a promising candidate in complementary and alternative medicine. The knowledge of chemical blends is a prerequisite for the selection of raw materials for herbal medicine formulations; however, the influence of geographical distance and genetic diversity on the metabolome of Embelia fruits is unknown. Therefore, we collected Embelia fruits from four locations across the Western Ghats of India and analyzed the metabolic profile and genotypic diversity of Embelia fruits by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) and inter simple sequence repeats (ISSR), respectively. LC-MS/MS analysis yielded 583 compounds; however, the trimmed data resulted in 149 compounds. Further, MS/MS analysis identified 36 compounds, among which we reported 30 compounds for the first time from Embelia. These compounds belong to 11 compound classes that suggest location-specific chemical blends of Embelia fruits. Multivariate analysis showed 94% compound diversity across the accessions. ISSR analysis suggests 95% polymorphism across the accessions. A significant positive correlation (80%) between metabolomics and genotypic data matrices validates the genotype’s influence in tuning Embelia’s metabolic profiles. We conclude that the chemical profiles of Embelia are location-specific, which can be explored for the selection of herbal trade sustainably.

Influência do local de coleta e diferentes partes da planta no perfil químico e atividade anti-Helicobacter pylori de Calophyllum brasiliense Cambess

“…Como visto, esta espécie é altamente estudada e bastante reportada em artigos científicos, porém, até agora, poucos trabalhos demonstram a influência do local de coleta no perfil químico das folhas e caules de C. brasiliense. Este ramo de estudo é importante, pois pode demonstrar quantitativamente a variação nas proporções de compostos da planta, já que a origem geográfica e as condições ambientais (como clima, solo, infecção por patógenos e infestação por pragas) são fatores notáveis que afetam a composição química, pois as plantas adaptam-se às diferentes condições por meio de alterações genotípicas e fenotípicas, alterando então as vias biossintéticas (Bayona et al, 2020;Raskar et al, 2022;T. Wang et al, 2018;Xu et al, 2022).…”

A review on Dendrocnide sinuata (Blume) chew: A medicinal plant utilized by Tribes in North East, India

“…A plant's metabolome is greatly influenced by its geographic origin and the climate in which it grows. To adapt to a variety of geographic, climatic, and soil conditions, plants go through genotypic and phenotypic changes and these changes influenced the production and accumulation of secondary metabolites in plants [9] . This review specifically concentrates on analyzing the chemical composition, pharmacological effects, and traditional uses of Dendrocnide sinuata sourced or cultivated exclusively in the North-Eastern region of India.…”