Assessing the Impact of Outdoor Air Pollution on Natural Ventilation Potential of Informal Settlements in India

Nihar, Kopal; Nutkiewicz, Alex; Jain, Rishee K.

doi:10.26868/25222708.2021.30427

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

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“…Singh et al applied a 3D model to predict indoor radon concentrations and used measurements to validate it . In addition, some studies have used mechanistic-model based packages such as CONTAM and EnergyPlus to simulate IAQ (mostly PM concentrations) in Indian built environments. , More mechanistic modeling based studies incorporating multizonal modeling, indoor air chemistry, and energy coupling are needed.…”

Section: Status Of Iaq Modeling Studies In Indiamentioning

confidence: 99%

Indoor Air Quality in Urban India: Current Status, Research Gap, and the Way Forward

Thakur,

Patel

2023

Environ. Sci. Technol. Lett.

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Section: Status Of Iaq Modeling Studies In Indiamentioning

confidence: 99%

Indoor Air Quality in Urban India: Current Status, Research Gap, and the Way Forward

Thakur,

Patel

2023

Environ. Sci. Technol. Lett.

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“…To address this gap, we combine highly granular air pollution data with building energy simulation and indoor air pollutant models to evaluate how NV potential for space cooling changes when indoor air pollution exposure is taken into account for informal settlements in the Indian subcontinent. Finally, we extended our previous work that presented a modeling approach to estimate the impact of air pollution on NV potential for informal settlements in India [45] to evaluate how NV potential changes when introducing indoor air filtration. Overall, this study aims to inform guidelines for building designers and architects, especially those engaged with in-situ retrofits and rehabilitation of informal settlements to better estimate the NV potential for different regions and to explore low-cost air filtration methods to mitigate the adverse impacts of air pollution.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Natural ventilation versus air pollution: assessing the impact of outdoor pollution on natural ventilation potential in informal settlements in India

Nihar

Nutkiewicz

Jain

2023

Environ. Res.: Infrastruct. Sustain.

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Despite the proven benefits of natural ventilation (NV) as an effective low-carbon solution to meet growing cooling demand, its effectiveness can be constrained by poor outdoor air quality. Here, we propose a modeling approach that integrates highly granular air pollution data with a coupled EnergyPlus and differential equation airflow model to evaluate how NV potential for space cooling changes when accounting for air pollution exposure (PM2.5). Given the high vulnerability of low-income populations to air pollution and the dearth of energy and thermal comfort research on informal settlements, we applied our model to a typical informal settlement residence in two large Indian cities: New Delhi and Bangalore. Our results indicate that outdoor PM2.5 levels have a significant impact on NV potential especially in highly polluted cities like New Delhi. However, we found that low-cost filtration (MERV 14) increased the NV potential by 25% and protected occupants from harmful exposure to PM2.5 with a minor energy penalty of 6%. We further find that adoption of low-cost filtration is a viable low-carbon solution pathway as it provides both thermal comfort and exposure protection at 65% less energy intensity — energy intensity reduced to 60 kWh/m2 from 173.5 kWh/m2 in case of adoption of potentially unaffordable full mechanical air conditioning. Our work highlights ample opportunities for reducing both air pollution and energy consumption in informal settlements across major Indian cities. Finally, our work can guide building designers and policymakers to reform building codes for adopting low-cost air filtration coupled with NV and subsequently reduce energy demand and associated environmental emissions.

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Energetic Analysis of Passive Solar Strategies for Residential Buildings with Extreme Summer Conditions

Nogueira,

Palmero-Marrero,

Borge-Diez

et al. 2024

Applied Sciences

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This study investigates the implementation of passive design strategies to improve the thermal environment in the extremely hot climates of Brazil, Portugal, and Turkey. Given the rising cooling demands due to climate change, optimizing energy efficiency in buildings is essential. Using the Trace 3D Plus v6.00.106 software, typical residential buildings for each country were simulated to assess various passive solutions, such as building orientation, wall and roof modifications, glazing optimization options, window-to-wall ratio (WTWR) reduction, shading, and natural ventilation. The findings highlight that Brazil experienced the higher discomfort temperatures compared to Mediterranean climates, with indoor air temperatures exceeding 28 °C all year round and remaining between 34 °C and 37 °C for nearly 40% of the time. Building orientation had a minimal impact near the equator, while Mediterranean climates benefited from an up to 10% variation in energy demand. Thermal insulation combined with white exterior paint resulted in Şanlıurfa experiencing annual energy savings of up to 26%. Optimal roof solutions yielded a 19% demand reduction in Évora, while WTWR reduction and double-colored glazing achieved up to a 35% reduction in Évora and 19% in other regions. Combined strategies achieved energy demand reductions of 44% for Évora, 40% for Şanlıurfa, and 32% for Teresina. The study emphasizes the need for integrated, climate-specific passive solutions, showing their potential to enhance both energy efficiency and the thermal environment in residential buildings across diverse hot climates.

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Assessing the Impact of Outdoor Air Pollution on Natural Ventilation Potential of Informal Settlements in India

Cited by 3 publications

References 0 publications

Indoor Air Quality in Urban India: Current Status, Research Gap, and the Way Forward

Indoor Air Quality in Urban India: Current Status, Research Gap, and the Way Forward

Natural ventilation versus air pollution: assessing the impact of outdoor pollution on natural ventilation potential in informal settlements in India

Energetic Analysis of Passive Solar Strategies for Residential Buildings with Extreme Summer Conditions

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