Assessing the impact of past wapiti introductions into Scottish Highland red deer populations using a Y chromosome marker

Pérez‐Espona, Sílvia; Pérez‐Barbería, F. Javier; Pemberton, Josephine M.

doi:10.1016/j.mambio.2010.10.001

Cited by 10 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…Y chromosome markers might uncover the male impact of translocations. Unfortunately, Y markers are not as variable as the mitochondrial genome, and are of limited applicability in intraspecific red deer studies (Barbosa and Carranza 2010), although Pérez‐Espona et al. (2010), using a Y marker, were able to show that the introduction of wapiti in Scotland did not leave genetic traces in red deer in their study area.…”

Section: Conservation Issues In a Common Species: Human Impacts On Gementioning

confidence: 99%

Phylogeography, population genetics and conservation of the European red deer Cervus elaphus

Zachos¹,

Hartl²

2011

Mammal Review

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1. During the Last Glacial Maximum, European red deer Cervus elaphus occurred in refugia in Iberia/southern France, Italy, the Balkans and the Carpathians. Most of Europe, including large parts of the east and north-east, is now inhabited by red deer from the western lineage. The eastern lineage is largely confined to south-eastern Europe; a third lineage comprises Sardo-Corsican and Barbary red deer. 2. Sardo-Corsican, Barbary and Mesola red deer are genetically unique units. They exhibit low levels of genetic diversity and deserve particular protection, since conservation strategies should target genetic information. 3. Hybridization between sika Cervus nippon and red deer occurs rarely, but may lead to extensive introgression, particularly in parts of the British Isles. Further expansion of both species may lead to increased hybridization in continental Europe. 4. Although hunting has an impact on red deer gene pools, the main threat today is habitat fragmentation in human-dominated landscapes. The resulting increase in genetic drift and inbreeding reduces variability in isolated populations and may lead to inbreeding depression. To support vital meta-populations, migration corridors should be established. INTRODUCTIONThe red deer Cervus elaphus is one of the most widespread large mammals in Europe, occurring throughout most of the continent except in northern Scandinavia, Finland and Iceland. As perhaps the most important game species, it has also been undergoing anthropogenic impacts for centuries, or even millennia. The red deer is therefore an interesting model species whose distribution and genetic structure have been shaped by both natural and human factors, resulting in a mosaic pattern of recent human-mediated demographic factors, grafted on the underlying, more ancient structuring, through natural selection and large-scale biogeographic phenomena

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Section: Conservation Issues In a Common Species: Human Impacts On Gementioning

confidence: 99%

Phylogeography, population genetics and conservation of the European red deer Cervus elaphus

Zachos¹,

Hartl²

2011

Mammal Review

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“…Wapiti have much higher F0s (0.41-1.9 kHz) (Feighny et al 2006) than do native European red deer. Although wapiti have also been introduced in the past two centuries to Great Britain (Whitehead 1993), deer from the Scottish highlands were shown to have little introgression of haplotypes from wapiti when analysing a paternally inherited genetic marker on the Y chromosome (Pérez-Espona et al 2011), indicating that exotic wapiti there seem to have had little impact on the genetic make-up of the Scottish Highland red deer. In contrast, we might explain the notably stronger wapiti influence on the genetic make-up of the Nahuel Huapi population by the fact that the founder population started with 20 individuals that are likely to have had a high percentage of wapitoid genes, reflecting the history of numerous wapiti introductions to Austria.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For one example, several hundred wapiti individuals were said to have been introduced to Austria by the Emperor Franz Josef where they hybridised with the native red deer (Whitehead 1993). Introductions of wapiti were primarily into deer parks from where subsequent introductions were made into wild populations (Pérez-Espona et al 2011). The wapiti, although currently classified as the same species as red deer (Nowak and Walker 1999), has a few phenotypic characteristics that make it easily discernible from its European relative; these include larger body size (twice to three times that of the Scottish red deer), an antler rack of greater size, weight, and a different form and easily distinguishable male rut calls.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of vocalisations of introduced European red deer stags (Cervus elaphus) in north-western Patagonia (Argentina) with native European populations

Hurtado

Smith-Flueck²,

Black-Décima

2012

Anim. Prod. Sci.

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Polygynous deer are very vocal species, producing calls in various contexts. Male rutting calls in red deer (Cervus elaphus) have been most studied in captive and/or free-ranging European populations. The recent application of ‘source-filter theory’ has identified the independent roles of fundamental frequency (F0) and formants in the production of deer calls and demonstrated the relation between formant spacing and anatomical characteristics such as body size. The present paper describes and characterises the acoustical properties of male rutting vocalisations for a free-ranging red deer population located in the ecotone of the eastern Andean cordillera within the Nahuel Huapi National Reserve (Neuquén, Argentina), and is the first acoustic study of free-ranging red deer stags outside their historic distribution. Recordings were made of seven identified and several unidentified stags at the peak of the rut in 2007. Calculated F0 was found to be higher for these identified stags than for Scottish red deer on the island of Rhum. The analysis of formant spacing was used to calculate the length of the vocal tract (VTL) for the seven males studied; values were comparable to those found in stags from Rhum. The longest calculated VTLs within these males corresponded to those of the four stags with the largest antler racks and the only stags holding harems. Previous studies have shown that VTL correlates with body size, age and reproductive success and that these deer have the ability to lower their larynx and extend their vocal tracts to a maximum, which is probably under sexual selection. Our data fit with this explanation. The higher F0s recorded in this population may result from the influence of wapiti genes, known to be present in these deer, because wapiti have a much higher-frequency rutting call, namely, the bugle. Alternatively, they may be related to the mating strategy, which differs substantially from the northern European populations.

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“…), can be problematic to detect in the wild (Pérez‐Espona et al. ) or can fail to detect crossbreeding altogether (Lorenzini et al. ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hybridisation in European ungulates: an overview of the current status, causes, and consequences

et al. 2018

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Hybridisation and gene introgression are important sources of diversification, the relevance of which in the evolutionary processes is well recognised. Their fitness consequences in animal populations, however, are not sufficiently well understood, despite hybridisation rates becoming increasingly important worldwide following human‐related activities such as domestication, game management and habitat alteration. In Europe, the density and distribution of native ungulates have largely been influenced by humans since pre‐historic times. This, alongside the introduction of non‐native and domesticated species, may bear major consequences at the genetic and population levels. We provide an updated overview of recent hybridisation events in wild European ungulates; we describe their ecological drivers, extent, current distribution, potential consequences and proposed management strategies. We reviewed the scientific literature published between 2000 and 2018 and found that confirmed hybridisation was described in 75 of the 89 references we included, involving nearly all the species that we investigated. Most researchers relied on genetic information for hybrid identification, which often involved a domestic counterpart. However, introductions and translocations also led to crossbreeding between wild ungulate (sub)species. Only 43 papers provided management recommendations, mostly focused on preventing hybridisation and removing hybrids. Hybridisation proved to be relatively common in several ungulate taxa in Europe. Despite reported changes in phenotype and fitness‐related traits in some species, the consequences of hybridisation for adaptation, life history, and evolutionary potential remain largely unknown. The current conservation paradigm aims to prevent the spread of domestic or non‐native genes in native populations; accordingly, conservation plans should: 1) determine the genetic origin of possible source populations; 2) protect native populations from the risk of crossbreeding with non‐native ones, and 3) establish permanent monitoring.

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Assessing the impact of past wapiti introductions into Scottish Highland red deer populations using a Y chromosome marker

Cited by 10 publications

References 14 publications

Phylogeography, population genetics and conservation of the European red deer Cervus elaphus

Phylogeography, population genetics and conservation of the European red deer Cervus elaphus

Comparison of vocalisations of introduced European red deer stags (Cervus elaphus) in north-western Patagonia (Argentina) with native European populations

Hybridisation in European ungulates: an overview of the current status, causes, and consequences

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